5. Formulation - Research & Learning Online - Monash ...

Perpetuating factors are the factors that are causing the patient's symptoms to continue or progressively worsen. Some students find it helpful to use these ... Home Courses MonashOnline Library Donate Previousmenu Togglenavigation Research&LearningOnline Studyskillsforuniversity Studyskillsforuniversity Studyskillsforuniversity Learningatuniversity Learningatuniversity Learningatuniversity Makingusefulstudynotes Makingusefulstudynotes Participatingintutorials Participatingintutorials Learninginpracticalenvironments Learninginpracticalenvironments Workingingroupsandteams Workingingroupsandteams Collaboratingandcommunicatingonline Collaboratingandcommunicatingonline Studyingeffectively Studyingeffectively Studyingeffectively Howtomanageyourtime Howtomanageyourtime Readingandnotetaking Readingandnotetaking Readingandnotetaking Gettingstarted Gettingstarted Approachingandevaluatingatext Approachingandevaluatingatext Strategiesforeffectivereading Strategiesforeffectivereading Developingyourcriticalreadingskills Developingyourcriticalreadingskills Readingdifficultmaterial Readingdifficultmaterial Preparingforfinalassessments Preparingforfinalassessments Preparingforfinalassessments Studyingforfinalassessments Studyingforfinalassessments Completingfinalassessments Completingfinalassessments Understandingfinalassessmentquestions Understandingfinalassessmentquestions Samplefinalassessmentquestions Samplefinalassessmentquestions Preparingastudytimetable Preparingastudytimetable Researchandwritingforassignments Researchandwritingforassignments Researchandwritingforassignments Understandingtheassignment Understandingtheassignment Understandingtheassignment Analysingthetaskrequirements Analysingthetaskrequirements Brainstormingandmindmapping Brainstormingandmindmapping Developingresearchquestions Developingresearchquestions Assignmentdirectionwords Assignmentdirectionwords Findingandevaluatinginformation Findingandevaluatinginformation Findingandevaluatinginformation Understandingwhatinformationyouneed Understandingwhatinformationyouneed Wheretosearch Wheretosearch Howtosearch Howtosearch Evaluatinginformation Evaluatinginformation Quickguidetopeerreview Quickguidetopeerreview Developingasearchstrategy Developingasearchstrategy Criticalthinking Criticalthinking Criticalthinking Reasoning Reasoning Identifying Identifying Analysing Analysing Evaluating Evaluating Reflecting Reflecting References References Writing Writing Writing Featuresofacademicwriting Featuresofacademicwriting Featuresofacademicwriting Usingacademiclanguage Usingacademiclanguage Establishingyourposition Establishingyourposition Writinginyourown‘voice’ Writinginyourown‘voice’ Usingtentativelanguage Usingtentativelanguage Clearcommunication Clearcommunication Clearcommunication Writingclearparagraphs Writingclearparagraphs Writingclearly,conciselyandprecisely Writingclearly,conciselyandprecisely Signposting Signposting Paraphrasing,summarisingandquoting Paraphrasing,summarisingandquoting Editingandproof-readingyourwork Editingandproof-readingyourwork Assignmenttypes Assignmenttypes Assignmenttypes Annotatedbibliography Annotatedbibliography Writinganessay Writinganessay Writinganessay Structuringtheessay Structuringtheessay Writingtheintroduction Writingtheintroduction Writingbodyparagraphs Writingbodyparagraphs Writingtheconclusion Writingtheconclusion Analysisvsdescription Analysisvsdescription Essaychecklist Essaychecklist Stand-aloneliteraturereview Stand-aloneliteraturereview Oralpresentation Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Posterpresentation Posterpresentation Selectingcontent Selectingcontent Designingtheposter Designingtheposter Presentingeffectively Presentingeffectively Academicintegrityandreferencing Academicintegrityandreferencing Academicintegrityandreferencing Academicintegrity Academicintegrity Academicintegrity Whatisacademicintegrity Whatisacademicintegrity Plagiarism,collusionandcontractcheating Plagiarism,collusionandcontractcheating Puttingacademicintegrityintopractice Puttingacademicintegrityintopractice Referencelist Referencelist Furtherresources Furtherresources Citingandreferencing Citingandreferencing Citingandreferencing Aboutcitingandreferencing Aboutcitingandreferencing Whatandwhentociteandreference Whatandwhentociteandreference Howtociteandreference Howtociteandreference Testyourunderstanding Testyourunderstanding Referencelist Referencelist Guidetoreferencingstyles Guidetoreferencingstyles Approachestoassignmentsinyourfaculty Approachestoassignmentsinyourfaculty Approachestoassignmentsinyourfaculty Art,DesignandArchitecture Art,DesignandArchitecture Art,DesignandArchitecture Architectureassignment1 Architectureassignment1 Architectureassignment2 Architectureassignment2 ArtHistoryandTheoryessay ArtHistoryandTheoryessay ArtHistoryessay ArtHistoryessay Industrialdesignassignment Industrialdesignassignment Visualanalysis Visualanalysis Arts Arts Arts ReflectivewritinginArts ReflectivewritinginArts LiteraryStudiesessays LiteraryStudiesessays LiteraryStudiesessays PrinciplesforwritingaLiteraryStudiesEssay PrinciplesforwritingaLiteraryStudiesEssay StepsforwritingaLiteraryStudiesessay StepsforwritingaLiteraryStudiesessay SampleLiteraryStudiesessay SampleLiteraryStudiesessay Historyessay Historyessay Writingphilosophyessays Writingphilosophyessays Writinganannotatedbibliography Writinganannotatedbibliography Writinganessay Writinganessay Stand-aloneliteraturereview Stand-aloneliteraturereview Oralpresentation Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Posterpresentation BusinessandEconomics BusinessandEconomics BusinessandEconomics SampleBusinessandEconomicsreflectiveessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsreflectiveessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsreflectiveessay Questions Questions Evaluateareflectiveessay Evaluateareflectiveessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsessay Thereferencelist Thereferencelist Writinganannotatedbibliography Writinganannotatedbibliography Stand-aloneliteraturereview Stand-aloneliteraturereview Notetakingandsummarynotes Notetakingandsummarynotes Oralpresentation Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Posterpresentation Studyingbusinesslaw Studyingbusinesslaw WritingcasestudiesinBusinessandEconomics WritingcasestudiesinBusinessandEconomics BusinessandEconomicsreportwriting BusinessandEconomicsreportwriting Education Education Education SkillsforwritinginEducation SkillsforwritinginEducation Annotatedessay Annotatedessay ReflectivewritinginEducation ReflectivewritinginEducation ReflectivewritinginEducation Thestructureofreflectivewriting Thestructureofreflectivewriting Reflectingonlearning Reflectingonlearning Descriptionvs.analysis Descriptionvs.analysis Howtodeepentheanalysis Howtodeepentheanalysis Annotatedbibliography Annotatedbibliography Stand-aloneliteraturereview Stand-aloneliteraturereview Oralpresentation Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Posterpresentation Engineering Engineering Engineering WritinganEngineeringlabreport WritinganEngineeringlabreport SampleEngineeringlabreport SampleEngineeringlabreport WritinganEngineeringtechnicalreport WritinganEngineeringtechnicalreport WritinganEngineeringtechnicalreport Theroleof'theliterature' Theroleof'theliterature' Titlepage Titlepage Summary Summary Tableofcontents Tableofcontents Introduction Introduction Bodyofthereport Bodyofthereport Conclusionsandrecommendations Conclusionsandrecommendations Referencesandappendices Referencesandappendices Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Theoralpresentation Theoralpresentation Theposterpresentation Theposterpresentation InformationTechnology InformationTechnology InformationTechnology ITreport:approachingthetask ITreport:approachingthetask ITreport:structure ITreport:structure ReflectivewritinginIT ReflectivewritinginIT Law Law Law Academicintegrityforlaw Academicintegrityforlaw Academicintegrityforlaw Whyisacademicintegrityimportant? Whyisacademicintegrityimportant? Whatisacademicintegrity? Whatisacademicintegrity? HowcanIstudywithintegrity? HowcanIstudywithintegrity? Testyourunderstanding Testyourunderstanding Findoutmore Findoutmore Casenoteassignment Casenoteassignment Casenoteassignment Understandingcasenotesandmarkerexpectations Understandingcasenotesandmarkerexpectations Identifyingtheelementsofacasenote Identifyingtheelementsofacasenote Findingmaterials Findingmaterials Analysingmaterials Analysingmaterials Betterwriting Betterwriting Summary Summary Medicine,NursingandHealthSciences Medicine,NursingandHealthSciences Medicine,NursingandHealthSciences HealthSciencescasereport HealthSciencescasereport Reflectivewritingandcriticalincidents Reflectivewritingandcriticalincidents Writingthecomparativereport Writingthecomparativereport WritinginPsychologicalMedicine WritinginPsychologicalMedicine WritinginPsychologicalMedicine 1.Casehistory 1.Casehistory 2.Mentalstateexamination 2.Mentalstateexamination 3.Physicalexamination 3.Physicalexamination 4.Summaryanddiagnosis 4.Summaryanddiagnosis 5.Formulation 5.Formulation 6.Management 6.Management Writinganannotatedbibliography Writinganannotatedbibliography Posterpresentation Posterpresentation PharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences PharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences PharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences EssaywritinginPharmacyandPharmaceuticalScience EssaywritinginPharmacyandPharmaceuticalScience ReflectivepracticeinPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences ReflectivepracticeinPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences ReflectivepracticeinPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences ReflectinginPharmacy ReflectinginPharmacy ReflectinginPharmaceuticalScience ReflectinginPharmaceuticalScience Science Science Science WritingaSciencelabreport WritingaSciencelabreport Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Theannotatedbibliography Theannotatedbibliography Theposterpresentation Theposterpresentation Graduateresearchandwriting Graduateresearchandwriting Graduateresearchandwriting Getstarted Getstarted Getstarted Assessingyourskills Assessingyourskills Supervisorrelationship Supervisorrelationship Planningandtimemanagement Planningandtimemanagement Managingreferencesandnotes Managingreferencesandnotes Datamanagement Datamanagement Writethethesis Writethethesis Writethethesis Writingaresearchproposal Writingaresearchproposal Introductiontoliteraturereviews Introductiontoliteraturereviews Writingaliteraturereview Writingaliteraturereview Writingaliteraturereview Selection Selection Argument Argument Structure Structure Process Process Voice Voice Writingthethesischapters Writingthethesischapters Writingthethesischapters Writingaboutmethods Writingaboutmethods Reportinganddiscussingyourfindings Reportinganddiscussingyourfindings Structuringalongtext Structuringalongtext Writingproductively Writingproductively Improvingyoureditingskills Improvingyoureditingskills Publishyourresearch Publishyourresearch Publishyourresearch Writinganarticle Writinganarticle Ifyou'refeelingunwell,gettestedforCOVID-19andstayhomeuntilyou’vereceivedanegativeresult.ViewourlatestCOVID-19updates. CloseNotificationCloseNotification CloseNotification Skiptocontent Skiptonavigation SearchMonash https://www.monash.edu/search Seeallotherresults Approachestoassignmentsinyourfaculty Art,DesignandArchitecture Architectureassignment1 Architectureassignment2 ArtHistoryandTheoryessay ArtHistoryessay Industrialdesignassignment Visualanalysis Arts ReflectivewritinginArts LiteraryStudiesessays PrinciplesforwritingaLiteraryStudiesEssay StepsforwritingaLiteraryStudiesessay SampleLiteraryStudiesessay Historyessay Writingphilosophyessays Writinganannotatedbibliography Writinganessay Stand-aloneliteraturereview Oralpresentation Posterpresentation BusinessandEconomics SampleBusinessandEconomicsreflectiveessay Questions Evaluateareflectiveessay SampleBusinessandEconomicsessay Thereferencelist Writinganannotatedbibliography Stand-aloneliteraturereview Notetakingandsummarynotes flow-chart.doc mind-mapping.doc summarising-cases.doc cornell-note-taking.doc linear-note-taking.doc evaluating-effectiveness-summary-notes.doc accessibility-note-taking-summary-techniques.doc Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Studyingbusinesslaw WritingcasestudiesinBusinessandEconomics BusinessandEconomicsreportwriting Education SkillsforwritinginEducation Annotatedessay ReflectivewritinginEducation Thestructureofreflectivewriting Reflectingonlearning Descriptionvs.analysis Howtodeepentheanalysis Annotatedbibliography Stand-aloneliteraturereview Oralpresentation Posterpresentation Engineering WritinganEngineeringlabreport SampleEngineeringlabreport WritinganEngineeringtechnicalreport Theroleof'theliterature' Titlepage Summary Tableofcontents Introduction Bodyofthereport Conclusionsandrecommendations Referencesandappendices Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Theoralpresentation Theposterpresentation InformationTechnology ITreport:approachingthetask ITreport:structure ReflectivewritinginIT Law Academicintegrityforlaw Whyisacademicintegrityimportant? Whatisacademicintegrity? HowcanIstudywithintegrity? Testyourunderstanding Findoutmore Casenoteassignment Understandingcasenotesandmarkerexpectations Identifyingtheelementsofacasenote Findingmaterials Analysingmaterials Betterwriting Summary Medicine,NursingandHealthSciences HealthSciencescasereport Reflectivewritingandcriticalincidents Writingthecomparativereport WritinginPsychologicalMedicine 1.Casehistory 2.Mentalstateexamination 3.Physicalexamination 4.Summaryanddiagnosis 5.Formulation 6.Management Writinganannotatedbibliography Posterpresentation PharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences EssaywritinginPharmacyandPharmaceuticalScience ReflectivepracticeinPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences ReflectinginPharmacy ReflectinginPharmaceuticalScience Science WritingaSciencelabreport Thestand-aloneliteraturereview Theannotatedbibliography Theposterpresentation Youarehere: Home | Approachestoassignmentsinyourfaculty | Medicine,NursingandHealthSciences | WritinginPsychologicalMedicine | 5.Formulation 5.Formulation StructureInthispart,youshouldexploreinmoredepththeaetiologyofthepatient'sillness.Youwillneedtodrawontheprecipitating,predisposingandperpetuatingfactorsidentifiedearlierinyoursummarytodefinethebiological,psychologicalandsocialforcesthathavecontributedtowardsa)thedevelopmentofthepatient'sillnessandb)theirresponsetotheirillness.Amajordifferencebetweenasummaryandaformulationisthatthelatterseekstolinkthepiecesofinformationasopposedtolistingthem.Youshoulddrawonrelevantpiecesofinformationfromearlierpartsofyourreportandconsiderthepatient'spresentingprobleminthecontextoftheirhistoryofchronicillness.Youcanalsointegrateevidenceandconceptsfromthewiderliterature;however,yourstatementsshouldbeanunderstanding  of  thepatient,notoftheliterature.ExamplePredisposingfactorsLucyhasasetofmedicalconditions,whichcanbesummarisedasHereditaryEndotheliopathyRetinopathyNeuropathyandStroke(HERNS).Thesyndromeaffectstheendothelialvesselsoftheeyesandbrain.Damageoftheendotheliumaffectsthebiologicalfunctionsoforgansandleadstovasculardisturbance  and  build-upofnecrotictissue.Lucyisalsoalupuscarrier-theantibody,lupusanticoagulant,isassociatedwitharterialandvenousthrombosis.Lucyalsohashighhypercholesterolemia,agenetictrait.Takingintoaccountallofthesebiologicalfactors,Lucyispredisposedtowardsdevelopinga  brain  tumour.Thefactthatherfatherdiedofastrokeinhislate40sincreasesthelikelihoodthatLucy'ssignsandsymptomsaregeneticallylinked.Itisperfectlynormalforhealthyindividualstofeeldepressedwhenthreatenedwithadiagnosisofcancer.However,Lucy'shistoryofdepression,'fragile'personality,andpoorcopingmechanismswhenfacedwithemotionalproblemsmakehermorelikelytobepredisposedtowardsdevelopingmoreserious  forms  ofdepressioncomparedwithotherwisehealthyindividuals.PrecipitatingfactorsObviously,thediagnosisofaneuraltumourmaybedirectlylinkedtoLucy'srecentonsetofanxietyanddepression.Theco-currentlackofstabilityinLucy'slife,includingconcernoverthewelfareofhersonwhilesheisillandthelossofherjob,mayalsobecontributingtowardsherrecentdepressive  symptoms.  ThetimingofherillnessisnotespeciallygoodforLucy,whoisonthevergeofcommittingherselftoasecurerelationship,bymarryingandprovidinga'family'forherson.PerpetuatingfactorsLucy'sexperienceofoneillnessafteranotherhasleftherfeelinginsecureandwithasenseofdefeat,reflectedinherpersonality.Lucyhasaweakcharacterinthatshehaspoorfrustrationtoleranceandcopingmechanisms,causinghertoemotionallycollapseinstressfulsituations.Herweakpersonality  is,  therefore,aperpetuatingfactorcontributingtowardstheworseningofhercurrentcondition.Writingtips:Predisposingfactorsarethefactorsinthepatient'shistorythatmakethepatientsusceptibleorinclinedtowardpresentingwith,whereapplicable,anunderlyingdiagnosis,andhas"thesesymptoms"inthiscurrentsituation.Precipitatingfactorsaretheimmediatefactorsoreventsthathavecausedthepatienttopresentwithorexperiencesymptomsnow.Dependingontheirbackgrounds,lifeexperiences,supports,copingstrategies,andcurrentcircumstances,wemightexpectorevenpredictthattwodifferentpeoplewouldreactdifferentlytothesame(precipitating)event.Perpetuatingfactorsarethefactorsthatarecausingthepatient'ssymptomstocontinueorprogressivelyworsen.Somestudentsfindithelpfultousetheseheadingsintheformulation.Otherstudentsareabletowritemorefreelywithoutthem.Notethatmoststudentsappeartobenefitfromstructuringthefactualinformationinthehistoryandmentalstateusingheadings. Next:Management>