CN101603988A - 太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统

本发明公开一种太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统，通过逆向输入电流至该太阳能电池，借以取代一般常用的两次光照测量中的第二次光照流程。

由于光照流程减少， ... CN101603988A-太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统 -GooglePatents 太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统 DownloadPDF Info Publicationnumber CN101603988A CN101603988A CNA2008101108323A CN200810110832A CN101603988A CN101603988A CN101603988A CN101603988A CNA2008101108323A CNA2008101108323A CNA2008101108323A CN200810110832A CN200810110832A CN200810110832A CN101603988A CN101603988A CN101603988A Authority CN China Priorartkeywords solarcell tested lightsource value testedsolar Priorartdate 2008-06-12 Legalstatus(Thelegalstatusisanassumptionandisnotalegalconclusion.Googlehasnotperformedalegalanalysisandmakesnorepresentationastotheaccuracyofthestatuslisted.) Granted Applicationnumber CNA2008101108323A Otherlanguages English(en) Otherversions CN101603988B (zh Inventor 王遵义 李静粼 CurrentAssignee(Thelistedassigneesmaybeinaccurate.Googlehasnotperformedalegalanalysisandmakesnorepresentationorwarrantyastotheaccuracyofthelist.) ChromaElectronicsShenzhenCoLtd OriginalAssignee ChromaElectronicsShenzhenCoLtd Prioritydate(Theprioritydateisanassumptionandisnotalegalconclusion.Googlehasnotperformedalegalanalysisandmakesnorepresentationastotheaccuracyofthedatelisted.) 2008-06-12 Filingdate 2008-06-12 Publicationdate 2009-12-16 2008-06-12 ApplicationfiledbyChromaElectronicsShenzhenCoLtd filed Critical ChromaElectronicsShenzhenCoLtd 2008-06-12 PrioritytoCN2008101108323A priority Critical patent/CN101603988B/zh 2009-12-16 PublicationofCN101603988A publication Critical patent/CN101603988A/zh 2012-08-22 Applicationgranted granted Critical 2012-08-22 PublicationofCN101603988B publication Critical patent/CN101603988B/zh Status Expired-FeeRelated legal-status Critical Current 2028-06-12 Anticipatedexpiration legal-status Critical Links Espacenet GlobalDossier Discuss 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 8 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5 238000001514 detectionmethod Methods 0.000 description 4 229910052751 metal Inorganicmaterials 0.000 description 4 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4 238000005516 engineeringprocess Methods 0.000 description 3 RPPBZEBXAAZZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cadmiumtelluride Chemicalcompound 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由于光照流程减少，一方面减少所耗费时间而提高测量效率，符合太阳能电池需求暴增的市场现况；另一方面延长光源使用寿命；且保持光源的发光单纯性也可确保测量的精准，从而降低保养维修的需求、减少作业成本，使得太阳能电池的测量更具效益。

Description 太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统 技术领域 本发明是关于一种电阻测量方法，尤其是一种太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法及测量系统。

背景技术 PN型太阳能电池主要的种类，依照硅晶型(SiN)排列可分为单晶硅、多晶硅及非晶硅，另外也包括III-V族太阳能电池如砷化镓(GnAs)、磷化铟(InP)、磷化镓铟(InGaP)等、II-VI族如碲化镉(CdTe)、硒化铟铜(CuInSe2)等，这些太阳能电池的基本架构都是以半导体形式构成一个PN半导体的二极管，以其中一面接受光照产生光电流，进而发电。

为在其两端以电极引出端电流，必需在太阳能电池的表面镀一层金属以形成导电电极。

一般太阳能电池，背面(非光照面)可全面镀一层金属；光照面为提供较大的受光面积，则仅能以手指状(fingerprint)的多条网金属互连而形成电极，并且这种手指状金属部份约只占总面积的5%左右，以确保发电功率。

这些手指状电极容易断裂、或不正确地接触，而形成所谓内部串联电阻Rs。

串联电阻Rs越高，不仅太阳能电池的输出功率随之下降，也会影响该电池的使用稳定性，因此按照国际电子技术协会(正C)规定，每个太阳能电池必须测量其内部串联电阻的阻值，以定其质量好坏。

测量这类PN型太阳能电池内部串联电阻的方法可分为以IEC规定为主(正C-891)的直接测量法及间接测量法。

间接测量法是依非光照条件下的太阳能电池的正向I-V曲线特性，提取出包括内部串联电阻值的各项参数(parameterextraction),较主要的如积分法(OrtizConde等人提出）、微分法(WernerJ.H提出)，李式法(Lee.T.C等人提出)等等。

这些种提取各参数的方法，最大缺点在于：因互相关联的参数有四个，串联电阻值只是其中之一，且这个正向I-V曲线并非线性，使这四个参数仅以非线性关系相依，计算所得数值准确度较低，约仅在5%~15%之间。

一般PN型太阳能电池的等效电路如图1所示，其中Is恒流源代表该太阳能电池受光后的光电流，二极管D代表太阳能电池的PN二极管特性，RsH代表该太阳能电池的旁路电阻，其漏电流则是因制造过程中表面受污染所造成。

Rs代表该太阳能电池的内部串联电阻，也即本发明中要测量的电阻。

按IEC-891的规定，测量太阳能电池的Rs必须提供两种不同光强度环境。

第一次的光强度是模拟太阳光强度在AM1.5G的情况下照射，目前一般是以太阳光仿真器(solarsimulator)提供约1000W/itf光强度模拟太阳光，在此光强度下利用一个可变负载Ri^由断路(R^oo)变到短路(R^0)，测量出其两端间的电流I及电压V，从而得到一个在此光强度RA,下的I-V曲线图。

典型的I-V曲线如图2的曲线所示，其中ISC1电流代表在光强度RAj下的短路电流(short-circuitcurrent，Isc)，Vocj戈表断路电压(open-circuitvoltage),Pmax为该电池的最大功率。

随后，以另一较小光强度RA"例如500W/m2)照射同一太阳能电池，同样循序改变负载RL并测量其I-V曲线，以获得如图2中的曲线L2，其中 ISC2代表在光强度RA2下的短路电流，Voc2代表其断路电压。

要测量串联电阻Rs，先在I-V曲线Li上取一点x，，该点电流IX，=ISC1-AI，其对应端电压为Vx，，另在I-V曲线L2取一点y，，使得该点电流Iy，=ISC2-AI， 其对应电压为Vy，，则内部串联电阻 formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage6 此法可将I-V曲线中的其它三个参数互相比较消去，只留下内部串联电 阻而直接算出，因而称之为直接测量法。

虽然其准确性极高，但依照目前 的生产线速度，约每1~2秒即可产出一片太阳能电池。

即上述太阳光仿真器必须在1~2秒内提供两种不同光强度。

考虑太阳光仿真器的灯泡都以氙灯泡(Xelamp)为主，其功率约在1000-2000W，温度极高，因此，常见的固定功率(continuouspower)太阳光仿真器都无法在如此短时间内提供两种不同的稳定功率。

另一种为脉冲型(pulse)太阳光仿真器，虽然可在1〜2秒内提供两种不同功率的光强度，如1000w/i^及500w/m2，但其氙灯炮每次都需以高电压(约20,000V)触发(ignition)才能点亮，且其使用寿命(life-time)较一般固定功率型灯泡短，造成氙灯泡必须经常更换、维修保养频繁，维修成本随之提高、检测速率变相降低。

随着石油价格暴涨，太阳能电池等替代性能源材料需求大增，其产品检测需求同步提高，如何提供检测效率高、准确度高、且检测成本低廉的检测方法，当是业界所殷切期盼的课题。

发明内容 因此，本发明的一个目的，在于提供一种易于实施且符合IEC规范的本发明另一目的，在于提供一种可延长检测装置光源使用寿命的太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法。

本发明的再一目的，在于提供一种测量速率高，可提升产品检测效率的太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法。

本发明的又一目的，在于提供一种测量迅速的太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量系统。

由此，本发明公布一种太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法，其中该受 测太阳能电池具有两端电极，该方法包括下列步骤：a)持续施加一束具有一个特定强度的模拟太阳光至该受测太阳能电池；b)在短路状态及断路状态之间改变与该受测太阳能电池串联的一组可变负载的状态，测量该太阳能电池在不同电阻值下对应的端电流及端电压值，并获得当该负载电阻值为零时的短路电流值Isc;c)关闭该模拟太阳光，选择施加一个电流AI至该受测太阳能电池，并测量该受测太阳能电池的端电压Vy;其中，依照上述光照步骤b)中对应的端电流及端电压值，当该太阳能电池的端电流值为Isc-AI时，该太阳能电池的端电压值为V^及d)计算获得该受测太阳能电池的内部串联电阻值(Vy-VJ/Isc:。

通过施加逆向输入电流，取代第二次光照测量，本发明不仅可縮短测量时间、提高测量效率；且因光源发光功率固定，不仅测量的精度易于确保，光源的使用寿命也同步延长，从而更降低保养维护的需求频率，降低测量的成本。

附图说明 图1是PN型太阳能电池的等效电路示意图； 图2是常用直接测量法测量太阳能电池内部电阻的I-V曲线示意图；图3是本发明的测量方法流程图； 图4是本发明第一实施例测量系统电路示意图； 图5是图4实施例处理装置与传感器、电源及光源关系的方块图；图6是图4实施例测量I-V曲线的示意图； 图7是本发明第二较佳实施例的四象限电源、光源与控制装置关系的方块图。

主要组件符号说明l...太阳能电池 42...光源 52...检流计D…二极管I、AI...端电流 31~35...步骤44...电源54...电压计 Is…光电流 RL...负载电阻值RSH...旁路电阻Voc、V0C1、Voc2…断路电压 40...屏蔽50…控制装置56...四相限电源(QS) IsCl、IsC2、IsC…电流值 L!、L2、V、L2，…曲线 Rs…内部串联电阻V、Vx、Vy…端电压 具体实施方式 有关本发明的前述及其它技术内容、特点与功效，在以下配合参考附图的较佳实施例的详细说明中，将可清楚的呈现。

本发明由正C-891的规范改进而得，一并参照附图3的测量方法与图4 测量系统电路示意图所示：首先，在步骤31将该太阳能电池1置放在- -木 作为遮蔽环境的屏蔽40中，以隔绝外部的环境光噪声干扰。

并于步骤32由控制装置指令点亮光源42，施加一束模拟太阳光至该受测太阳能电池1，在本实施例中，是将模拟太阳光维持在一个特定光强度例如AM1.5G的情下照射。

当然，如本领域普通技术人员可轻易推知的，由于模拟太阳光的光源42比一般环境光的亮度高出甚多，即使测量过程中没有上述屏蔽，仍可获得可以接受的结果。

随后一并参照附图5所示，在步骤33，由控制装置50指令，将与太阳 能电池l串联的可变负载RL的电阻值由断路逐渐变化到短路，由作为传感 器的检流计52及电压计54分别测量出各电阻值对应的端电流I及端电压V值并输出至控制装置50，即可获得如图6的I-V曲线1V，并获得当该负载电阻值为零时的短路电流值Isc。

当然，如本领域普通技术人员所能轻易理解的，此处I-V曲线是为便于理解，实际操作时，不必当真绘出此图。

步骤34时，控制装置50驱动关闭该仿真太阳光，使受测的太阳能电池1处在实质上不受光照射的环境，并选定一个足够大且易于判定的电流AI，由电源44输入至太阳能电池1两端电极，由电压计54测量此时太阳能电池l的端电压，定为Vy，此即图6中虚线标示的L2，上点y。

必须注意的是，由于实际测量仅需测量单一点y的数值，因此L2'仅为说明时所用。

最后在步骤35,—方面在曲线IV中取对应端电流为ISC-AI的一点x，定义该点的端电压为Vx。

并由控制装置50计算下式(2)，而获得太阳能电池l的内部串联电阻值： PL= yx 工..............................（2) 以下将证明式(2)的原理：PN型太阳能电池在光照下的等效电路如前述 图1中所示，其端电压V与电流I的关系为 Is-I國A V=_RsI+^^n(_^L")………(3) q丄o式(3)中，Io为二极管的逆向饱和电流，其大小约为10—SA左右，q为电子电量，（x为一个未知变量，一般介于1〜2之间，VD为二极管的端电压，Is为光电流，K为波尔兹曼常数，T为开氏温度。

在此I-V曲线的x点上，取Ix-Isc-AI，假定其中AI»IS-ISC，则此时的端电压Vx由(3)式可看出，其为 formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage10 当无光照射时IfO,由太阳能电池两端输入电流值为AI的电流向内，则其电压与电流AI的关系如L2'所示，贝廿 formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage10然而在式(4)中的VD1与式(5)中的VD2必须符合下列方程(6)及(7)， formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage10 由(6)与(7)两式可得到VD1=VD2，则Rs可以由式(4)减去式(5)，得到 formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage10 由式(4)与式(5)互相消去后得到Rs，可以看出其它三个未知参数cuI0.RSH、q互相消去，使本发明为直接测量。

在一般常用的太阳能电池，其短路电流Isc是略小于光电流Is，其可由(3)式中可看出，当V-0时，其短路电流Isc可由解出下列方程式得到 formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage11 若假设Rs-10mQ，RSH=1000Q,VD=0.6V，I0=10"8A，ISC=5A，^=25mV，则由式(9)可估算出formulaseeoriginaldocumentpage11 因此若取AI二I二1A，则上面所述的假设条件，AI〉^s-Isc是成立的。

综合以上说明，本发明利用在一次光照下得到的太阳能电池I-V曲线，取一端电流IX=ISC-AI的适当点x，且AI远比光电流Is与短路电流Isc的差更大，以该x点对应的端电压为Vx;并在无光照射下，设定一个电流源的电流大小为AI，并输入此太阳能电池而量得对应的端电压为Vy，则利用上述所知，即可求得串联电阻Rs-(Vy-Vx)/Isc。

由此可看出，此串联电阻为直接测量出，而其它三个未知参数a，Io、Rs皆可利用此测量流程而互相消去。

因此本发明的准确性与IEC-891规范所提出的方法一样准确，但却只需要利用一次光照流程，使得利用固定功率太阳光仿真器精确的直接测量成为可行。

即使采用脉冲型太阳光仿真器，也可因为少一次光照射，而使氙灯泡的寿命延长一倍以上，大幅减少维修耗时与节约成本，更可縮短测量时间。

上述实施例的无光照射步骤中，是以电流源Ic提供AI的电流而输入太阳能电池，再测量其端电压Vy。

但如图7所示，上述负载、电源、检流计及电压计也可选择更换为单独一个可以同时提供所需要的正、负电压及正、负电流，并且测量电流及电压值的四象限电源(quadrantsource)QS56作为一组负载、感测及电源装置。

利用四象限电源56提供一个向内(因此在附图6坐标上标示为负)的电流AI，并测量此时的端电压Vy，再利用光照步骤中的I-V曲线L?中，取得端电流对应Isc-AI的点x，该点的端电压为Vx，则利用式(8)可以得到内部串联电阻。

利用四象限电源56，可以在光照步骤中，直接改变其施加电压，作为可变负载，控制四象限电源56，使受测太阳能电池两端电压为零，即可仿真为上述短路状态；且当控制该四象限电源56使受测太阳能电池两端电流为零时，则可模拟断路状态，因而可以得到不同状态下，其端电流与端电压值，如此可以得到在光照下的太阳能电池的I-V曲线。

由上述说明，本发明利用逆向输入电流，取代第二次光照测量，从而縮短测量时间、提高测量效率；且因光源发光功率固定，不仅测量的精度易于确保，光源的使用寿命也同步延长，从而更降低保养维护的需求频率，降低测量的成本，确能达成所有上述目的。

以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即凡依本发明申请专利范围及发明说明书内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰，都应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims(8) 1.一种太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量方法，其中该受测太阳能电池具有两端电极，该方法包括下列步骤：a)持续施加一束具有一个特定强度的模拟太阳光至该受测太阳能电池；b)在短路状态及断路状态之间改变与该受测太阳能电池串联的一组可变负载的状态，测量该太阳能电池在不同状态下对应的端电流及端电压值，并获得当该受测太阳能电池短路时的短路电流值ISC：c)关闭该模拟太阳光，选择施加一个电流ΔI至该受测太阳能电池，并测量该受测太阳能电池的端电压Vy；其中，依照上述光照步骤b)中对应的端电流及端电压值，当该太阳能电池的端电流值为ISC-ΔI时，该太阳能电池的端电压值为Vx；及d)计算获得该受测太阳能电池的内部串联电阻值(Vy-Vx)/ISC。

2.如权利要求1所述的方法，更包括在施加模拟太阳光步骤a)前，将该太阳能电池置放在一个遮蔽环境的步骤。

3.—种太阳能电池内部串联电阻测量系统，用于检测受测太阳能电池的内部串联电阻，该受测太阳能电池具有两端电极，该系统包括：一组供照射该受测太阳能电池的光源；一个与该受测太阳能电池串联，且当该光源照射至该受测太阳能电池时，在一个短路状态及断路状态之间变化其状态、检测该受测太阳能电池端电压及端电流、及供在该光源未发光时，供应电流至该受测太阳能电池的负载、感测及电源装置；及一组控制该光源发光状态及该负载、感测及电源装置状态；供接收来自该负载、感测及电源装置的感测数值，获得当该光源发光且该负载、感测及电源装置使该受测太阳能电池端电压值为零时的短路电流值Isc，选择一个电流AI值，获得当该太阳能电池端电流值为ISC-AI时的端电压值Vx;当该光源未发光时该负载、感测及电源装置供应该电流AI至该受测太阳能电池，并获得该受测太阳能电池端电压Vy;及计算该受测太阳能电池的内部串联电阻值(Vy-V。

/Isc的控制装置。

4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中该负载、感测及电源装置包括：一组串接该受测太阳能电池的可变电阻器；及一组电压及电流传感器。

5.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中该负载、感测及电源装置包括一组四象限电源。

6.如权利要求3、4或5所述的系统，其中该光源是一组固定功率太阳光仿真器。

7.如权利要求3、4或5所述的系统，其中该光源是一组脉冲型太阳光仿真器。

8.如权利要求3、4或5所述的系统，更包括一组供遮蔽该受测太阳能电池的遮蔽件。

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