Number sign - Wikipedia

The symbol # is known variously in English-speaking regions as the number sign, hash, ... and from that, the symbol itself is sometimes called a hashtag. Numbersign FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Typographicsymbol(#) Nottobeconfusedwiththenumerosign№,thesharpsign♯,theviewdatasquare⌗,theequalandparalleltosymbol⋕,theloopedsquare⌘,theChinesecharacterfor"well"井,orthegametic-tac-toe'sgrid.ForusesofnumbersignswithinWikipedia,seeWikipedia:Numbersign. #NumbersignIn UnicodeU+0023#NUMBERSIGN(&num;)DifferentfromDifferentfromU+266F♯MUSICSHARPSIGNU+2317⌗VIEWDATASQUAREU+22D5⋕EQUALANDPARALLELTORelatedSeealsoU+00A3£POUNDSIGNU+2116№NUMEROSIGN Thesymbol#isknownvariouslyinEnglish-speakingregionsasthenumbersign,[1]hash,[2]orpoundsign.[3]Thesymbolhashistoricallybeenusedforawiderangeofpurposesincludingthedesignationofanordinalnumberandasaligaturedabbreviationforpoundsavoirdupois–havingbeenderivedfromthenow-rare℔.[4] Since2007,widespreadusageofthesymboltointroducemetadatatagsonsocialmediaplatformshasledtosuchtagsbeingknownas"hashtags",[5]andfromthat,thesymbolitselfissometimescalledahashtag.[6] Thesymbolisdistinguishedfromsimilarsymbolsbyitscombinationoflevelhorizontalstrokesandright-tiltingverticalstrokes. Contents 1History 2Names 3Usage 3.1Mathematics 3.2Computing 3.3Otheruses 4Unicode 5Onkeyboards 6Explanatorynotes 7References History[edit] Astylizedversionoftheabbreviationforlibrapondo("poundweight") TheabbreviationwrittenbyIsaacNewton,showingtheevolutionfrom"℔"toward"#" Itisbelievedthatthesymboltracesitsoriginstothesymbol℔,[a]anabbreviationoftheRomantermlibrapondo,whichtranslatesas"poundweight".[7][8]Thisabbreviationwasprintedwithadedicatedligaturetypeelement,withahorizontallineacross,sothatthelowercaseletterlwouldnotbemistakenforthenumeral1.Ultimately,thesymbolwasreducedforclarityasanoverlayoftwohorizontalstrokes"="acrosstwoslash-likestrokes"//".[8]Examplesofitbeingusedtoindicatepoundsexistatleastasfarbackas1850.[9][b] Thesymbolisdescribedasthe"number"characterinan1853treatiseonbookkeeping,[10]anditsdoublemeaningisdescribedinabookkeepingtextfrom1880.[11]TheinstructionmanualoftheBlickensderfermodel5typewriter(c. 1896)appearstorefertothesymbolasthe"numbermark".[12]Someearly-20th-centuryU.S.sourcesrefertoitasthe"numbersign",[13]althoughthiscouldalsorefertothenumerosign.[14]A1917manualdistinguishesbetweentwousesofthesign:"number(writtenbeforeafigure)"and"pounds(writtenafterafigure)".[15]Theuseofthephrase"poundsign"torefertothissymbolisfoundfrom1932inU.S.usage.[16] ThetermhashsignisfoundinSouthAfricanwritingsfromthelate1960s[17]andfromothernon-North-Americansourcesinthe1970s.[citationneeded] Thesymbolappearstohavebeenusedprimarilyinhandwrittenmaterial;intheprintingbusiness,thenumerosymbol(№)andbarred-lb(℔)areusedfor"number"and"pounds"respectively.[where?][citationneeded] Formechanicaldevices,thesymbolappearedonthekeyboardoftheRemingtonStandardtypewriter(c.1886)[18]butwasnotusedonthekeyboardsusedfortypesetting.[9]ItappearedinmanyoftheearlyteleprintercodesandfromtherewascopiedtoASCII,whichmadeitavailableoncomputersandthuscausedmanymoreusestobefoundforthecharacter.Thesymbolwasintroducedonthebottomrightbuttonoftouch-tonekeypadsin1968,butthatbuttonwasnotextensivelyuseduntiltheadventoflargescalevoicemail(PBXsystems,etc.)intheearly1980s.[19] Oneoftheusesincomputerswastolabelthefollowingtextashavingadifferentinterpretation(suchasacommandoracomment)fromtherestofthetext.Itwasadoptedforusewithininternetrelaychat(IRC)networkscirca1988tolabelgroupsandtopics.[20]Thisusageinspired[21]ChrisMessinatoproposeasimilarsystemtobeusedonTwittertotagtopicsofinterestonthemicrobloggingnetwork;[22]thisbecameknownasahashtag.AlthoughusedinitiallyandmostpopularlyonTwitter,hashtagusehasextendedtoothersocialmediasites.[23] Names[edit] Numbersign 'Numbersign'isthenamechosenbytheUnicodeconsortium.MostcommoninCanada[24]andthenortheasternUnitedStates.[citationneeded]AmericantelephoneequipmentcompanieswhichserveCanadiancallersoftenhaveanoptionintheirprogrammingtodenoteCanadianEnglish,whichinturninstructsthesystemtosaynumbersigntocallersinsteadofpound.[25] Poundsignorpound 'Poundsign'or'pound'arethemostcommonnamesusedintheUnitedStates,wherethe'#'keyonaphoneiscommonlyreferredtoasthepoundkeyorsimplypound.Dialinginstructionstoanextensionsuchas#77,forexample,canbereadas"poundsevenseven".[26]ThisnameisrarelyusedoutsidetheUnitedStates,wherethetermpoundsignisunderstoodtomeanthecurrencysymbol£. Hash,hashmark,hashmark IntheUnitedKingdom,[27]andsomeothercountries,[citationneeded]itisgenerallycalleda'hash'(probablyfrom'hatch',[28]referringtocross-hatching,althoughtheexactderivationisdisputed). Programmersalsousethisterm;forinstance#!is"hash,bang"or"shebang". Hashtag Derivedfromtheprevious,theword'hashtag'isoftenusedwhenreadingsocialmediamessagesaloud,indicatingthestartofahashtag.Forinstance,thetext"#foo"isoftenreadoutloudas"hashtagfoo"(asopposedto"hashfoo").Thisleadstothecommonbeliefthatthesymbolitselfiscalledhashtag.[6]Twitterdocumentationreferstoitas"thehashtagsymbol".[29] Hex 'Hex'iscommonlyusedinSingaporeandMalaysia,asspokenbymanyrecordedtelephonedirectory-assistancemenus:"Pleaseenteryourphonenumberfollowedbythe'hex'key".Theterm'hex'isdiscouragedinSingaporeinfavourof'hash'.InSingapore,ahashisalsocalled'hex'inapartmentaddresses,whereitprecedesthefloornumber.[30][31] Octothorp,octothorpe,octathorp,octatherp MostscholarsbelievethewordwasinventedbyworkersattheBellTelephoneLaboratoriesby1968,[32]whoneededawordforthesymbolonthetelephonekeypad.DonMacPhersonissaidtohavecreatedthewordbycombiningoctoandthelastnameofJimThorpe,anOlympicmedalist.[33]HowardEbyandLaurenAsplundclaimtohaveinventedthewordasajokein1964,combiningoctowiththesyllabletherpwhich,becauseofthe"th"digraph,washardtopronounceindifferentlanguages.[34]TheMerriam-WebsterNewBookofWordHistories,1991,hasalongarticlethatisconsistentwithDougKerr'sessay,[34]whichsays"octotherp"wastheoriginalspelling,andthatthewordaroseinthe1960samongtelephoneengineersasajoke.OtherhypothesesfortheoriginofthewordincludethelastnameofJamesOglethorpe[35]orusingtheOldEnglishwordforvillage,thorp,becausethesymbollookslikeavillagesurroundedbyeightfields.[36][37]ThewordwaspopularizedwithinandoutsideBellLabs.[38]Thefirstappearanceof"octothorp"inaUSpatentisina1973filing.Thispatentalsoreferstothesix-pointedasterisk(✻)usedontelephonebuttonsasa"sextile".[39] Sharp Useofthename'sharp'isduetothesymbol'sresemblanceto♯,theglyphusedinmusicnotation(U+266F♯MUSICSHARPSIGN).ThesamederivationisseeninthenameoftheMicrosoftprogramminglanguagesC#,J#andF#.Microsoftsays,"It'snotthe'hash'(orpound)symbolasmostpeoplebelieve.It'sactuallysupposedtobethemusicalsharpsymbol.However,becausethesharpsymbolisnotpresentonthestandardkeyboard,it'seasiertotypethehashsymbol(#).Thenameofthelanguageis,ofcourse,pronounced'seesharp'."[40]AccordingtotheECMA-334C#LanguageSpecification,section6,Acronymsandabbreviations,thenameofthelanguageiswritten"C#"("LATINCAPITALLETTERC(U+0043)followedbytheNUMBERSIGN#(U+0023)")andpronounced"CSharp".[41] Square DetailofatelephonekeypaddisplayingtheViewdatasquare Ontelephones,theInternationalTelecommunicationUnionspecificationITU-TE.1613.2.2states:"Thesymbolmaybereferredtoasthesquareorthemostcommonlyusedequivalentterminotherlanguages."[42]Formally,thisisnotanumbersignbutratheranothercharacter,theViewdatasquare⌗.Therealorvirtualkeypadsonalmostallmoderntelephonesusethesimple#instead,asdoestheirdocumentation. Other Namesthatmaybeseeninclude:[43][better source needed]crosshatch,crunch,fence,flash,gardenfence,gardengate,gate,grid,hak,mesh,oof,pig-pen,punchmark,rake,scratch,scratchmark,tic-tac-toe,andunequal. Usage[edit] When#prefixesanumber,itisreadas"number".A"#2pencil",forexample,indicates"anumber-twopencil".Theabbreviations'No.'and'№'areusedcommonlyandinterchangeably. When#isafteranumber,itisreadas"pound"or"pounds",meaningtheunitofweight.Thetext"5#bagofflour"wouldmean"fivepoundbagofflour".Theabbreviations"lb."and"℔"areusedcommonlyandinterchangeably.Butitisnotareplacementfor'£'. ThelatterusageisrareoutsideNorthAmerica.Thesignisnotusedtodenotepoundsasweight(lborlbsisusedforthis),andcertainlynotforpoundscurrency.Theuseof#asanabbreviationfor"number"iscommonininformalwriting,butuseinprintisrare.[44]WhereAmericansmightwrite"Symphony#5",BritishandIrishpeopleusuallywrite"SymphonyNo.5".Britishtypewritersandkeyboardshavea£keywhereAmericankeyboardshavea#key.[45]Manycomputerandteleprintercodes(suchasBS4730(theUKnationalvariantoftheISO/IEC646characterset)substituted'£'for'#'tomaketheBritishversions,thusitwascommonforthesamebinarycodetodisplayas#onUSequipmentand£onBritishequipment.('$'wasnotsubstitutedduetoobviousproblemsifanattemptwasmadetocommunicatemonetaryvalues.) Mathematics[edit] Insettheory,#SisonepossiblenotationforthecardinalityorsizeofthesetS,insteadof | S | {\displaystyle|S|} .Thatis,foraset S = { s 1 , s 2 , s 3 , … , s n } {\displaystyleS=\{s_{1},s_{2},s_{3},\dots,s_{n}\}} ,inwhichall s i {\displaystyles_{i}} aremutuallydistinct, # S = n = | S | . {\displaystyle\#S=n=|S|.} Thisnotationisonlysometimesusedforfinitesets,usuallyinnumbertheory,toavoidconfusionwiththedivisibilitysymbol,e.g. a ∣ b {\displaystylea\midb} . Intopology,A#BistheconnectedsumofmanifoldsAandB,orofknotsAandBinknottheory. Innumbertheory,n#istheprimorialofn. Inconstructivemathematics,#denotesanapartnessrelation. Incomputationalcomplexitytheory,#Pdenotesacomplexityclassofcountingproblems.Thestandardnotationforthisclassusesthenumbersignsymbol,notthesharpsignfrommusic,butitispronounced"sharpP".Moregenerally,thenumbersignmaybeusedtodenotetheclassofcountingproblemsassociatedwithanyclassofsearchproblems. Computing[edit] InUnicodeandASCII,thesymbolhasacodepointasU+0023#NUMBERSIGNand&num;inHTML5.[46] Inmanyscriptinglanguagesanddatafileformats,especiallyonesthatoriginatedonUnix,#introducesacommentthatgoestotheendoftheline.[47]Thecombination#!atthestartofanexecutablefileisa"shebang","hash-bang"or"pound-bang",usedtotelltheoperatingsystemwhichprogramtousetorunthescript(seemagicnumber).Thiscombinationwaschosensoitwouldbeacommentinthescriptinglanguages. #!isthesymboloftheCrunchBangLinuxdistribution. InthePerlprogramminglanguage,#isusedasamodifiertoarraysyntaxtoreturntheindexnumberofthelastelementinthearray,e.g.,anarray'slastelementisat$array[$#array].Thenumberofelementsinthearrayis$#array+1,sincePerlarraysdefaulttousingzero-basedindices.Ifthearrayhasnotbeendefined,thereturnisalsoundefined.Ifthearrayisdefinedbuthasnothadanyelementsassignedtoit,e.g.,@array=(),then$#arrayreturns−1.SeethesectiononArrayfunctionsinthePerllanguagestructurearticle. InboththeCandC++preprocessors,aswellasinothersyntacticallyC-likelanguages,#isusedtostartapreprocessordirective.Insidemacros,after#define,itisusedforvariouspurposes;forexample,thedoublepound(hash)sign##isusedfortokenconcatenation. InUnixshells,#isplacedbyconventionattheendofacommandprompttodenotethattheuserisworkingasroot. #isusedinaURLofawebpageorotherresourcetointroducea"fragmentidentifier"–anidwhichdefinesapositionwithinthatresource.InHTML,thisisknownasananchorlink.Forexample,intheURLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sign#Computingtheportionafterthe#(Computing)isthefragmentidentifier,inthiscasedenotingthatthedisplayshouldbemovedtoshowthetagmarkedby...intheHTML.[48] InternetRelayChat:on(IRC)servers,#precedesthenameofeverychannelthatisavailableacrossanentireIRCnetwork. Inblogs,#issometimesusedtodenoteapermalinkforthatparticularweblogentry. Inlightweightmarkuplanguages,suchaswikitext,#isoftenusedtointroducenumberedlistitems. #isusedintheModula-2andOberonprogramminglanguagesdesignedbyNiklausWirthandintheComponentPascallanguagederivedfromOberontodenotethenotequalsymbol,asastand-inforthemathematicalunequalsign≠,beingmoreintuitivethan<>or!=.Forexample:IFi#0THEN... InRust,#isusedforattributessuchasin#[test]. InOCaml,#istheoperatorusedtocallamethod. InCommonLisp,[49]#isadispatchingreadmacrocharacterusedtoextendtheS-expressionsyntaxwithshortcutsandsupportforvariousdatatypes(complexnumbers,vectorsandmore). InScheme,#istheprefixforcertainsyntaxwithspecialmeaning. InStandardML,#,whenprefixedtoafieldname,becomesaprojectionfunction(functiontoaccessthefieldofarecordortuple);also,#prefixesastringliteraltoturnitintoacharacterliteral. InMathematicasyntax,#,whenusedasavariable,becomesapurefunction(aplaceholderthatismappedtoanyvariablemeetingtheconditions). InLaTeX,#,whenprefixinganumber,referencesanargumentsforauserdefinedcommand.Forinstance\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}. InJavadoc,[50]#isusedwiththe@seetagtointroduceorseparateafield,constructor,ormethodmemberfromitscontainingclass. InRedcodeandsomeotherdialectsofassemblylanguage,#isusedtodenoteimmediatemodeaddressing,e.g.,LDA#10,whichmeans"loadaccumulatorAwiththevalue10"inMOS6502assemblylanguage. inHTML,CSS,SVG,andothercomputingapplications#isusedtoidentifyacolorspecifiedinhexadecimalformat,e.g.,#FFAA00.ThisusagecomesfromX11colorspecifications,whichinheriteditfromearlyassemblerdialectsthatused#toprefixhexadecimalconstants,e.g.:ZXSpectrumZ80assembly.[51] InBe-MusicScript,everycommandlinestartswith#.Linesstartingwithcharactersotherthan"#"aretreatedascomments. TheuseofthehashsymbolinahashtagisaphenomenonconceivedbyChrisMessina,andpopularizedbysocialmedianetworkTwitter,asawaytodirectconversationsandtopicsamongstusers.Thishasledtoanincreasinglycommontendencytorefertothesymbolitselfas"hashtag".[52] InprogramminglanguageslikePL/1andAssemblerusedonIBMmainframesystems,aswellasJCL(JobControlLanguage),the#(alongwith$and@)areusedasadditionallettersinidentifiers,labelsanddatasetnames. InJ,#istheTallyorCountfunction,[53]andsimilarlyinLua,#canbeusedasashortcuttogetthelengthofatable,orgetthelengthofastring.Duetotheeaseofwriting"#"overlongerfunctionnames,thispracticehasbecomestandardintheLuacommunity. InDyalogAPL,#isareferencetotherootnamespacewhile##isareferencetothecurrentspace'sparentnamespace. Otheruses[edit] Algebraicnotationforchess:Ahashafteramovedenotescheckmate. AmericanSignLanguagetranscription:Thehashprefixinganall-capswordidentifiesalexicalizedfingerspelledsign,havingsomesortofblendsorletterdrops.All-capswordswithouttheprefixareusedforstandardEnglishwordsthatarefingerspelledintheirentirety.[54] Copywritingandcopyediting:Technicalwritersinpressreleasesoftenusethreenumbersigns,###directlyabovetheboilerplateorunderneaththebodycopy,indicatingtomediathatthereisnofurthercopytocome.[55] Footnotesymbols(orendnotesymbols):Duetoreadyavailabilityinmanyfontsanddirectlyoncomputerkeyboards,"#"andothersymbols(suchasthecaret)haveinrecentyearsbeguntobeoccasionallyusedincataloguesandreportsinplaceofmoretraditionalsymbols(esp.dagger,double-dagger,pilcrow). Linguisticphonology:#denotesawordboundary.Forinstance,/d/→[t]/_#meansthat/d/becomes[t]whenitisthelastsegmentinaword(i.e.whenitappearsbeforeawordboundary). Linguisticsyntax:Ahashbeforeanexamplesentencedenotesthatthesentenceissemanticallyill-formed,thoughgrammaticallywell-formed.Forinstance,"#Thetoothbrushispregnant"isagrammaticallycorrectsentence,butthemeaningisodd.[56] Medicalprescriptiondrugdelimiter:Insomecountries,suchasNorwayorPoland,#isusedasadelimiterbetweendifferentdrugsonmedicalprescriptions. Medicalshorthand:Thehashisoftenusedtoindicateabonefracture.[57]Forexample,"#NOF"isoftenusedfor"fracturedneckoffemur".Inradiotherapy,afulldoseofradiationisdividedintosmallerdosesor'fractions'.Thesearegiventheshorthand#todenoteeitherthenumberoftreatmentsinaprescription(e.g.60Gyin30#),orthefractionnumber(#9of25). Pressreleases:Thenotation###denotes"end",i.e.thatthereisnofurthercopytocome.[58] Asaproofreadingmark,toindicatethataspaceshouldbeinserted.[59] Publishing:Whensubmittingasciencefictionmanuscriptforpublication,anumbersignonalinebyitself(indentedorcentered)indicatesasectionbreakinthetext.[60] Scrabble:PuttinganumbersignafterawordindicatesthatthewordisfoundintheBritishwordlists,butnottheNorthAmericanlists.[61] TeletextandDVBsubtitles(intheUKandIreland):Thehashsymbol,resemblingmusicnotation'ssharpsign,isusedtomarktextthatiseithersungbyacharacterorheardinbackgroundmusic,e.g.# Forhe'sajollygoodfellow # Unicode[edit] InUnicode,several#charactersareassigned.OtherattestednamesinUnicodeare:poundsign,hash,crosshatch,octothorpe. Characterinformation Preview # ＃ ﹟ Unicodename NUMBERSIGN FULLWIDTHNUMBERSIGN SMALLNUMBERSIGN Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex Unicode 35 U+0023 65283 U+FF03 65119 U+FE5F UTF-8 35 23 239188131 EFBC83 239185159 EFB99F GB18030 35 23 163163 A3A3 169124 A97C Numericcharacterreference # # ＃ ＃ ﹟ ﹟ Namedcharacterreference &num; ASCIIandextensions 35 23 EBCDIC(037,500,UTF)[62][63][64] 123 7B EBCDIC(1026)[65] 236 EC ShiftJIS[66] 35 23 129148 8194 EUC-JP[67] 35 23 161244 A1F4 EUC-KR[68]/UHC[69] 35 23 163163 A3A3 Big5[70] 35 23 161173 A1AD 161204 A1CC EUC-TW 35 23 161236 A1EC 162173 A2AD LaTeX[71] \# Characterinformation Preview Unicodename KEYCAPNUMBERSIGN[72] Encodings decimal hex Unicode 35650398419 U+0023+FE0F+20E3 UTF-8 35239184143226131163 23EFB88FE283A3 GB18030 3513249130531295418454 23843182358136B836 Numericcharacterreference #️⃣ #️⃣ ShiftJIS(NTTDocomo)[73] 249133 F985 ShiftJIS(SoftBank3G)[74] 247176 F7B0 ShiftJIS(aubyKDDI)[75] 244137 F489 7-bitJIS(aubyKDDIandothers)[76] 123105 7B69 Emojishortcode[77] :hash: Atleastthreeorthographicallydistinctnumbersignsfromotherlanguagesarealsoassigned: U+0600؀ARABICNUMBERSIGN U+0BFA௺TAMILNUMBERSIGN U+110BDKAITHINUMBERSIGN Onkeyboards[edit] OnthestandardUSkeyboardlayout,the#symbolis⇧Shift+3.OnstandardUKandsomeotherEuropeankeyboards,thesamekeystrokesproducethepound(sterling)sign,£symbol,and#maybemovedtoaseparatekeyabovetherightshiftkey.Ifthereisnokey,thesymbolcanbeproducedonWindowswithAlt+35,onMacOSwith⌥Opt+3,andonLinuxwithCompose++. Explanatorynotes[edit] ^U+2114℔LBBARSYMBOL ^Althoughwidelyrepeated,evidencetosupportthetheorythat#and£sharedthesamecodepointinthelate19thcenturyBaudotcodehasnotbeenproduced,whereasevidenceisavailableofacodetablefrom1929showingbothsymbols.[9] References[edit] ^"numbersign".OxfordEnglishDictionary.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonApril3,2018. ^"hash".OxfordEnglishDictionary.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember31,2017. ^"poundsign".OxfordEnglishDictionary.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonApril3,2018.Retrieved5May2016. ^Houston,Keith(20October2014).ShadyCharacters:TheSecretLifeofPunctuation,Symbols,andOtherTypographicalMarks.WWNorton&Company. ^Piercy,Joseph(25October2013).Symbols:AUniversalLanguage.MichaelOMara.pp. 84–85.ISBN 978-1-78243-073-5.Retrieved4October2014. ^ab"Whyisthesymbol#calledthehashtaginTwitter?".TheBritannicaDictionary. ^KeithGordonIrwin(1967)[1956].Theromanceofwriting,fromEgyptianhieroglyphicstomodernletters,numbers,andsigns.NewYork:VikingPress.p. 125.TheItalianlibbra(fromtheoldLatinwordlibra,'balance')representedaweightalmostexactlyequaltotheavoirdupoispoundofEngland.TheItalianabbreviationoflbwithalinedrawnacrosstheletterswasusedforbothweights. ^abHouston,Keith(2013-09-06)."TheAncientRootsofPunctuation".TheNewYorker.Retrieved16October2013. ^abc"TheSignoftheNumber".SentenceSpacing.2015-10-06.Retrieved24November2015. ^Crittendon,S.W.(1853).AnElementaryTreatiseonBook-keepingbySingleandDoubleEntry.Philadelphia:E.,C.,&J.Biddle.p. 10.Retrieved24November2015. ^Duff,C.P.;Duff,W.H.;Duff,R.P.(1880).Book-KeepingBySingleandDoubleEntry.HarperandBrothers.p. 21.Retrieved24November2015. ^n.a.(1896).MethodofOperatingandInstructionsforPracticeontheBlickensderferTypewriter(PDF).Atlanta,GA:K.M.Turner.p. 14.Itisbesttousethe'numbermark'forplus;thehyphenforminus,andtwohyphensforthesign= ^e.g.J.W.Marley,"TheDetectionandIllustrationofForgeryByComparisonofHandwriting",inProceedingsoftheSixteenthAnnualConventionoftheKansasBankers'Association.KansasCity:Rusell.1903.p. 180. ^e.g.TheBritishPrintervol.viii(1895),p.395 ^Thurston,ErnestL.(1917).BusinessArithmeticforSecondarySchools.NewYork:Macmillan.p. 419.businesssymbolspound. ^Lawrence,NancyM.;F.EthelMcAfee;MildredM.Butler(1932).Correlatedstudiesinstenography.Gregg.p. 141. ^ResearchReview.Navorsingsoorsigvols.18–21,pp.117,259(1968) ^"RemingtonStandardtypewriter".NewYork:Wyckoff,Seamans&Benedict.1886.p. 50. ^KeithHouston(2013)."TheOctothorpe".ShadyCharacters:TheSecretLifeofPunctuation,Symbols,andOtherTypographicalMarks.W.W.Norton&Company.pp. 41–57.ISBN 9780393064421. ^"ChannelScope".Section2.2.RFC 2811 ^"#OriginStory".CarnegieMellonUniversity.August29,2014. ^Parker,Ashley(June10,2011)."Twitter'sSecretHandshake".TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedJuly26,2011. ^Mashable,ByChristinaWarren."Facebookfinallygets#hashtags-CNN.com".CNN.RetrievedJuly16,2006. ^Barber,Katherine,ed.(2004).TheCanadianOxforddictionary(2nd ed.).Toronto:OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 0195418166. ^"NorstarVoiceMail4.1|SoftwareAdd-onGuide".Nortel.p. 12. ^WilliamSafire(March24,1991)."OnLanguage;HitthePoundSign".TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedMay21,2011. ^"Howthe#becamethesignofourtimes".TheGuardian.Retrieved30December2014. ^"Hashsign".OxfordEnglishDictionary.Retrieved14October2013. ^"UsinghashtagsonTwitter".Twitter.Retrieved5May2016. ^JackTsen-TaLee."ADictionaryofSinglishandSingaporeEnglish".Retrieved14January2016. ^"AddressFormats".Retrieved14January2016. ^Hochhester,Sheldon(2006-09-29)."PressingMatters:Touch-tonephonessparkdebate"(PDF).Encore. ^RalphCarlsen,"Whatthe####?"TelecomsHeritageJournal28(1996):52–53. ^abDouglasA.Kerr(2006-05-07)."TheASCIICharacter"Octatherp""(PDF). ^JohnBaugh,RobertHass,MaxineH.Kingston,etal.,"Octothorpe,"TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(Boston:HoughtonMifflin,2000) ^Quinion,Michael(19May2010)."Octothorpe".WorldWideWords.Retrieved10May2016. ^Bringhurst,"Octothorpe".ElementsofTypographicStyle ^"YouAskedUs:Aboutthe*and#ontheNewPhones,"TheCalgaryHerald,September9,1972,90. ^"U.S.PatentNo.3,920,926".Retrieved16September2014. ^"FrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutC#".Retrieved16September2014. ^"Ecma-international.com".Retrieved16September2014. ^"E.161 :Arrangementofdigits,lettersandsymbolsontelephonesandotherdevicesthatcanbeusedforgainingaccesstoatelephonenetwork".InternationalTelecommunicationUnion.2February2001.Retrieved23December2019. ^"PronunciationguideforUnix-Bash-SS64.com".Retrieved16September2014. ^"GoogleNgramViewer". ^"TheHashtag:AHistoryDeeperthanTwitter".July2013.Retrieved30December2014. ^HTML5istheonlyversionofHTMLthathasanamedentityforthenumbersign,seehttps://www.w3.org/TR/html4/sgml/entities.html("Thefollowingsectionspresentthecompletelistsofcharacterentityreferences.")andhttps://www.w3.org/TR/2014/CR-html5-20140731/syntax.html#named-character-references("num;"). ^"CSSSyntaxandSelectors".W3Schools.Retrieved2019-07-15. ^"IntroductiontoHTML".Retrieved16September2014. ^"Lispworks.com".Retrieved16September2014. ^"Oracle.com".Retrieved16September2014. ^"HISOFTDEVPACZXSpectrumProgrammer'sManual"(PDF).worldofspectrum.org. ^Nicks,Denver(June13,2014)."You'llNeverGuesstheRealNameforaHashtag".TIME.RetrievedMay5,2016. ^"Vocabulary/number".JNuVoc.RetrievedNovember20,2019. ^Vicars,Bill."Lexicalization".ASLUniversity.Retrieved6September2015. ^Cohn,Lara."###:Whatdoes###meanattheendofapressrelease?".TheHaloGroup.Retrieved18November2021. ^Carnie,Andrew(2006).Syntax:AGenerativeIntroduction(2nd ed.).Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN 1-4051-3384-8. ^GlossaryofMedicalDevicesandProcedures:Abbreviations,Acronyms,andDefinitions ^"HowtoFormataPressReleasefortheAssociatedPress",wikiHow ^"Proofreaders'Marks".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-08-16.Retrieved2020-09-03.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:bot:originalURLstatusunknown(link)fromMerriamWebster ^McIntyre,Vonda(October2008)."ManuscriptPreparation"(PDF).sfwa.org.ScienceFiction&FantasyWritersofAmerica.Retrieved28May2020. ^"ScrabbleGlossary".TucsonScrabbleClub.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2011-08-30.Retrieved2012-02-06. ^Steele,Shawn(1996-04-24)."cp037_IBMUSCanadatoUnicodetable".Microsoft/UnicodeConsortium. ^Steele,Shawn(1996-04-24)."cp500_IBMInternationaltoUnicodetable".Microsoft/UnicodeConsortium. ^Umamaheswaran,V.S.(1999-11-08)."3.3Step2:ByteConversion".UTF-EBCDIC.UnicodeConsortium.UnicodeTechnicalReport#16. ^Steele,Shawn(1996-04-24)."cp1026_IBMLatin5TurkishtoUnicodetable".Microsoft/UnicodeConsortium. ^UnicodeConsortium(2015-12-02)[1994-03-08]."Shift-JIStoUnicode". ^UnicodeConsortium;IBM."EUC-JP-2007".InternationalComponentsforUnicode. ^UnicodeConsortium;IBM."IBM-970".InternationalComponentsforUnicode. ^Steele,Shawn(2000)."cp949toUnicodetable".Microsoft/UnicodeConsortium. ^vanKesteren,Anne."big5".EncodingStandard.WHATWG. ^Pakin,Scott(2020-06-25)."TheComprehensiveLATEXSymbolList"(PDF). ^UnicodeConsortium."UnicodeNamedCharacterSequences".UnicodeCharacterDatabase. ^IBM;Apple."Docomoemojimappings".InternationalComponentsforUnicode,59180.0.1. ^IBM;Apple."Softbankemojiprimarymappings".InternationalComponentsforUnicode,59180.0.1. ^IBM;Apple."KDDIemojimappings".InternationalComponentsforUnicode,59180.0.1. ^Scherer,Markus;Davis,Mark;Momoi,Kat;Tong,Darick;Kida,Yasuo;Edberg,Peter."EmojiSymbols:BackgroundData—BackgrounddataforProposalforEncodingEmojiSymbols"(PDF).UTCL2/10-132. ^JoyPixels."EmojiAlphaCodes".EmojiToolkit. vtePunctuationmarksandothertypographicalmarksorsymbols       space    ,   comma    :   colon    ;   semicolon    ‐   hyphen    ’   '   apostrophe    ′   ″   ‴   prime    .   fullstop    &   ampersand    @   atsign    ^   caret    /   slash    \   backslash    …   ellipsis    *   asterisk    ⁂   asterism      *  *  *      dinkus    -   hyphen-minus    ‒   –   —   dash    =   ⸗   doublehyphen    ?   questionmark    !   exclamationmark    ‽   interrobang    ¡   ¿   inverted !and ?    ⸮   ironypunctuation    #   numbersign    №   numerosign    º   ª   ordinalindicator    %   percentsign    ‰   permille    ‱   basispoint    °   degreesymbol    ⌀   diametersign    +   −   plusandminussigns    ×   multiplicationsign    ÷   divisionsign    ~   tilde    ±   ∓   plus–minussign    _   underscore    ⁀   tie    |   ¦   ‖   verticalbar    •   bullet    ·   interpunct    ©   copyrightsymbol    ©   copyleft    ℗   soundrecordingcopyright    ®   registeredtrademark    SM   servicemarksymbol    TM   trademarksymbol    ‘ ’   “ ”   ' '   " "   quotationmark    ‹ ›   « »   guillemet    ( )   [ ]   { }   ⟨ ⟩   bracket    ”   〃   dittomark    †   ‡   dagger    ❧   hedera/floralheart    ☞   manicule    ◊   lozenge    ¶   ⸿   ፠   ๛   pilcrow(paragraphmark)    ※   referencemark    §   sectionmark  Versionofthistableasasortablelist Currencysymbols Diacritics(accents) Logicsymbols Mathsymbols Whitespace Chinesepunctuation Hebrewpunctuation Japanesepunctuation Koreanpunctuation Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&oldid=1115902893" Categories:TypographicalsymbolsHiddencategories:CS1maint:bot:originalURLstatusunknownArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2017VagueorambiguousgeographicscopefromMay2020ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromMay2020ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromOctober2020ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2021AllarticleslackingreliablereferencesArticleslackingreliablereferencesfromSeptember2020 Navigationmenu Personaltools 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