Affixation - Linguistics - Oxford Bibliographies

Affixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base. 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Signinwithyourlibrarycard Pleaseenteryourlibrarycardnumber InThisArticleExpandorcollapsethe"inthisarticle"sectionAffixation IntroductionGeneralOverviews TextbooksforBeginners Intermediate-LevelTextbooks Advanced-LevelTextbooksHandbooksGlossariesReferenceResourcesDictionaries,Databases,andCorporaSpecialResourcesonIndividualLanguagesJournalsandSpecialIssuesTheoreticalIssues Item-and-ArrangementversusItem-and-Process Markedness FeaturesandExponence Headedness MappingMeaningandForm Subanalysis DerivationversusInflectionTypologyandUniversalsTypesofAffixesMultipleAffixation PrinciplesofAffixOrdering SyntacticandSemanticOrdering PhonologicalOrdering MorphologicalOrdering TemplatesandPositionClasses ParsabilityHypothesisandComplexity-BasedOrdering VariableOrderingProductivityOriginsofAffixation Phonology SyntaxandGrammaticalization BorrowingPsycholinguistics ComprehensionandProcessing ChildLanguageComputationalModeling Backtotop RelatedArticlesExpandorcollapsethe"relatedarticles"sectionabout AboutRelatedArticlesclosepopup Adpositions Causatives ComputationalLinguistics Conjunctions ContrastiveAnalysisinLinguistics Grammaticalization HungarianVowelHarmony InflectedInfinitives JanBaudouindeCourtenay Lexemes MandeLanguages Markedness Morphology Pronouns Psycholinguistics Semantic-PragmaticChange TheMentalLexicon Typology WordFormationinJapanese OtherSubjectAreas AfricanAmericanStudiesAfricanStudiesAmericanLiteratureAnthropologyArchitecturePlanningandPreservationArtHistoryAtlanticHistoryBiblicalStudiesBritishandIrishLiteratureBuddhismChildhoodStudiesChineseStudiesCinemaandMediaStudiesClassicsCommunicationCriminologyEcologyEducationEnvironmentalScienceEvolutionaryBiologyGeographyHinduismInternationalLawInternationalRelationsIslamicStudiesJewishStudiesLatinAmericanStudiesLatinoStudiesLiteraryandCriticalTheoryManagementMedievalStudiesMilitaryHistoryMusicPhilosophyPoliticalSciencePsychologyPublicHealthRenaissanceandReformationSocialWorkSociologyUrbanStudiesVictorianLiterature ForthcomingArticlesExpandorcollapsethe"forthcomingarticles"section HistoricalPragamatics KhoisanLanguages TextDataMining Findmoreforthcomingarticles...   Feedback Print ExportCitations Cite Emailthiscontent ShareLink Copythislink,orclickbelowtoemailittoafriend Emailthiscontent orcopythelinkdirectly: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199772810/obo-9780199772810-0183.xml Thelinkwasnotcopied.Yourcurrentbrowsermaynotsupportcopyingviathisbutton. LinkcopiedsuccessfullyCopylink ShareThis Affixation byStelaManovaLASTREVIEWED:10May2017LASTMODIFIED:27March2014DOI:10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0183 Introduction Affixationisamorphologicalprocesswherebyaboundmorpheme,anaffix,isattachedtoamorphologicalbase.Diachronically,theEnglishwordaffixwasfirstusedasaverbandhasitsorigininLatin:affixus,pastparticipleoftheverbaffigere,ad-‘to’+figere‘tofix’.AffixationfallsinthescopeofMorphologywhereboundmorphemesareeitherrootsoraffixes.Prefixes(affixesthatprecedetheroot)andsuffixes(affixesthatfollowtheroot)arethemostcommontypesofaffixescross-linguistically.Affixesmarkderivational(-erinteach-er)andinflectional(-sinteacher-s)changes,andaffixationisthemostcommonstrategythathumanlanguagesemployforderivationofnewwordsandwordforms.However,languagesvaryinthewaystheyexpressthesamesemantics,andifinEnglishthenounbiolog-istisderivedfrombiologythroughtheadditionofthesuffix-ist,inRussian(andotherSlaviclanguages)thesamederivationdoesnotinvolvetheadditionofanaffixbutsubtractionofform:biolog-ija‘biology’→biolog‘biologist’.Mostlanguagesmakeanextensiveuseofaffixes(mostEuropean,African,Australian,andAmerindianlanguagesareofthistype),whereasothers(e.g.,Vietnamese),hardlydo.Inlanguagesthatuseaffixes,thereisageneralpreferenceforsuffixesoverprefixes. GeneralOverviews Affixationisamajormorphologicaldevice,andabook-lengthstudythatprovidesanoverviewofaffixationis,asarule,nottitledaffixationbutmorphology;thatis,allmorphologytextbooksareactuallygeneraloverviewsofthetopicofaffixation.Oftheoldersources,Nida1949introducesaveryaccessiblemorphemeanalysisanddefinesmostoftheaffixtypesknowninpresent-daymorphologicaltheory.Themorerecentsourcesareallottedintothreegroups:TextbooksforBeginners,Intermediate-LevelTextbooks,andAdvanced-LevelTextbooks. Nida,E.1949.Morphology:Thedescriptiveanalysisofwords.AnnArbor:Univ.ofMichiganPress.Thisbookcanbeseenasapredecessorofallmodernmorphologytextbooks.ItiswrittenwithintheframeworkofAmericanstructuralistlinguisticstowhichissuesrelatedtoidentificationofaffixesappearcentral. backtotop Userswithoutasubscriptionarenotabletoseethefullcontenton thispage.Pleasesubscribeorlogin. 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Adpositions Affixation AfricanLinguistics AfroasiaticLanguages Agreement AlgonquianLinguistics AltaicLanguages AnalogyinLanguageandLinguistics Anaphora AnimalCommunication Aphasia Applicatives AppliedLinguistics,Critical ArawakLanguages ArgumentStructure ArtificialLanguages AthabaskanLanguages AustralianLanguages AustronesianLinguistics Auxiliaries Balkans,TheLanguagesofthe BaudouindeCourtenay,Jan BerberLanguagesandLinguistics BilingualismandMultilingualism BiologyofLanguage Blocking CaddoanLanguages CaucasianLanguages Causatives CelticLanguages CelticMutations Chomsky,Noam ChumashanLanguages Classifiers Clauses,Relative ClinicalLinguistics CognitiveLinguistics ColonialPlaceNames ComparativeReconstructioninLinguistics Comparative-HistoricalLinguistics Complementation Complexity,Linguistic Compositionality Compounding ComputationalLinguistics Conditionals Conjunctions Connectionism ConsonantEpenthesis ContrastiveAnalysisinLinguistics ConversationAnalysis Conversation,Maximsof ConversationalImplicature CooperativePrinciple Coordination Copula Creoles Creoles,GrammaticalCategoriesin CriticalPeriods Cross-LanguageSpeechPerceptionandProduction Cyberpragmatics DefaultSemantics Definiteness DementiaandLanguage Dene-Yeniseian Dependencies Dependencies,LongDistance DerivationalMorphology Determiners Dialectology Dialogue Diglossia Disfluency DistinctiveFeatures DravidianLanguages Ellipsis EndangeredLanguages EnglishasaLinguaFranca English,EarlyModern English,Old Ergativity Eskimo-Aleut EuphemismsandDysphemisms Evidentials Exemplar-BasedModelsinLinguistics Existential ExistentialWh-Constructions ExperimentalLinguistics Fieldwork FiniteStateLanguages FirstLanguageAttrition FormulaicLanguage Francoprovençal FrenchGrammars Frisian Gabelentz,Georgvonder Gender GenealogicalClassification GenerativeSyntax GeneticsandLanguage Gestures Grammar,Categorial Grammar,Construction Grammar,Descriptive Grammar,FunctionalDiscourse Grammars,PhraseStructure Grammaticalization Harris,Zellig HeritageLanguages HistoryofLinguistics HistoryoftheEnglishLanguage Hmong-MienLanguages HokanLanguages Honorifics HumorinLanguage HungarianVowelHarmony Iconicity Ideophones Idiolect IdiomandPhraseology Imperatives Indefiniteness Indo-EuropeanEtymology InflectedInfinitives InformationStructure Innateness InterfaceBetweenPhonologyandPhonetics Interjections Intonation IPA Irony IroquoianLanguages Islands Jakobson,Roman JapaneseWordAccent Jones,Daniel JunctureandBoundary Kiowa-TanoanLanguages Kra-DaiLanguages Labov,William LanguageAcquisition LanguageandLaw LanguageContact LanguageDocumentation Language,Gender,andSexuality LanguageGeography LanguageIdeologiesandLanguageAttitudes LanguageinAutismSpectrumDisorders LanguageRevitalization LanguageShift LanguageStandardization LanguagesofAfrica LanguagesoftheAmericas,Indigenous LanguagesoftheWorld Learnability Lexemes LexicalAccess,CognitiveMechanismsfor LexicalSemantics Lexical-FunctionalGrammar Lexicography LinguisticAccommodation LinguisticAnthropology LinguisticAreas LinguisticLandscapes LinguisticPrescriptivism LinguisticProfilingandLanguage-BasedDiscrimination LinguisticRelativity Linguistics,Educational Listening,SecondLanguage LiteratureandLinguistics Loanwords MachineTranslation Maintenance,Language MandeLanguages Markedness Mass-CountDistinction MathematicalLinguistics MayanLanguages MentalHealthDisorders,Languagein MentalLexicon,The MesoamericanLanguages Metaphor Metathesis Metonymy MinorityLanguages MixedLanguages Mixe-ZoqueanLanguages Modification Mon-KhmerLanguages MorphologicalChange Morphology Morphology,Subtractive Movement MundaLanguages MuskogeanLanguages NasalsandNasalization Negation Niger-CongoLanguages Non-Pama-NyunganLanguages NortheastCaucasianLanguages Nostratic Number Numerals OceanicLanguages PapuanLanguages PenutianLanguages PhilosophyofLanguage Phonetics Phonetics,Articulatory PhonologicalResearch,PsycholinguisticMethodologyin Phonology Phonology,Computational Phonology,EarlyChild Pidgins Polarity PolicyandPlanning,Language PolitenessinLanguage Polysemy Possessives,Acquisitionof Pragmatics,Acquisitionof Pragmatics,Computational Pragmatics,Experimental Pragmatics,GameTheoryin Pragmatics,SecondLanguage PragueLinguisticCircle,The Presupposition Pronouns Psycholinguistics QuechuanandAymaranLanguages Questions Reading,Second-Language Reciprocals Reduplication ReflexivesandReflexivity RegisterandRegisterVariation RelevanceTheory SalishLanguages Saussure,Ferdinandde SecondLanguageAcquisition,AnaphoraResolutionin SemanticMaps SemanticRoles Semantic-PragmaticChange Semantics,Cognitive SentenceProcessinginMonolingualandBilingualSpeakers SignLanguageLinguistics Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics,Variationist Sonority SoundChange SouthAmericanIndianLanguages SpecificLanguageImpairment SpeechPerception SpeechProduction SpeechSynthesis Suppletion Switch-Reference Syllables Syncretism Synonymy SyntacticChange SyntacticKnowledge,Children’sAcquisitionof Tense,Aspect,andMood Tone ToneSandhi Topic Transcription TransitivityandVoice Translation Trubetzkoy,Nikolai TucanoanLanguages TupianLanguages Typology Usage-BasedLinguistics Uto-AztecanLanguages ValencyTheory Verbs,Serial VisualWordRecognition Vocabulary,SecondLanguage VoiceandVoiceQuality VowelHarmony Whitney,WilliamDwight WordClasses WordFormationinJapanese WordStress Writing,SecondLanguage WritingSystems Yiddish ZapotecanLanguages Down OxfordUniversityPress Copyright©2022.Allrightsreserved. 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