Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Wikipedia

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was originally developed by Zigmond and Snaith (1983) and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels ... HospitalAnxietyandDepressionScale FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "HospitalAnxietyandDepressionScale" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September2018)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) HospitalAnxietyandDepressionScalePurposedeterminelevelofanxiety HospitalAnxietyandDepressionScale(HADS)wasoriginallydevelopedbyZigmondandSnaith(1983)[1]andiscommonlyusedbydoctorstodeterminethelevelsofanxietyanddepressionthatapersonisexperiencing.TheHADSisafourteenitemscalethatgenerates:Sevenoftheitemsrelatetoanxietyandsevenrelatetodepression.ZigmondandSnaithcreatedthisoutcomemeasurespecificallytoavoidrelianceonaspectsoftheseconditionsthatarealsocommonsomaticsymptomsofillness,forexamplefatigueandinsomniaorhypersomnia.This,itwashoped,wouldcreateatoolforthedetectionofanxietyanddepressioninpeoplewithphysicalhealthproblems. Contents 1Itemsonthequestionnaire 2Scoringthequestionnaire 3Casenessofanxietyanddepression 4Factorstructure 5Criticisms 6Seealso 7References Itemsonthequestionnaire[edit] Theitemsonthequestionnairethatrelatetoanxietyare Ifeeltenseorwoundup Igetasortoffrightenedfeelingasifsomethingawfulisabouttohappen Worryingthoughtsgothroughmymind Icansitateaseandfeelrelaxed Igetasortoffrightenedfeelinglike'butterflies'inthestomach IfeelrestlessasIhavetobeonthemove Igetsuddenfeelingsofpanic Theitemsthatrelatetodepressionare: IstillenjoythethingsIusedtoenjoy Icanlaughandseethefunnysideofthings Ifeelcheerful IfeelasifIamsloweddown Ihavelostinterestinmyappearance Ilookforwardwithenjoymenttothings IcanenjoyagoodbookorradioorTVprogram Scoringthequestionnaire[edit] Eachitemonthequestionnaireisscoredfrom0-3andthismeansthatapersoncanscorebetween0and21foreitheranxietyordepression. Casenessofanxietyanddepression[edit] AnumberofresearchershaveexploredHADSdatatoestablishthecut-offpointsforcasenessofanxietyordepression.Bjellandetal(2002)[2]throughaliteraturereviewofalargenumberofstudiesidentifiedacut-offpointof8/21foranxietyordepression.Foranxiety(HADS-A)thisgaveaspecificityof0.78andasensitivityof0.9.Fordepression(HADS-D)thisgaveaspecificityof0.79andasensitivityof0.83. Factorstructure[edit] TherearealargenumberofstudiesthathaveexploredtheunderlyingfactorstructureoftheHADS.Manysupportthetwo-factorstructurebutthereareothersthatsuggestathreeorfourfactorstructure.[3]Somearguethatthetoolisbestusedasaunidimensionalmeasureofpsychologicaldistress. Criticisms[edit] ThefactorstructureoftheHADShasbeenquestioned.[3]CoyneandSonderenargueinaletterpublishedinthesameissue,thatCosco,etal.[3]providesgroundsforabandoningHADSaltogether.[4]TheHADShasalsobeencriticisedforitsoverrelianceonanhedoniaasbeingthecoresymptomofdepression,howsingle-itemmeasuresofdepressionmayhavethesamepredictivevalueastheHADSscale,aswellasitsuseofBritishcolloquialexpressionswhichcanbedifficulttotranslate.[5] Seealso[edit] Diagnosticclassificationandratingscalesusedinpsychiatry References[edit] ^Zigmond,AS;Snaith,RP(1983)."Thehospitalanxietyanddepressionscale".ActaPsychiatricaScandinavica.67(6):361–370.doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.PMC 1339318.PMID 6880820. ^Bjelland,I;et al.(2002)."ThevalidityoftheHospitalAnxietyandDepressionScale.Anupdatedliteraturereview".JournalofPsychosomaticResearch.52(2):69–77.doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3.PMID 11832252. ^abcCosco,TheodoreD.;Doyle,Frank;Ward,Mark;McGee,Hannah(March2012)."LatentstructureoftheHospitalAnxietyAndDepressionScale:a10-yearsystematicreview".JournalofPsychosomaticResearch.72(3):180–184.doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.06.008.ISSN 1879-1360.PMID 22325696. ^JamesC.CoyneandEricvanSonderen(March2012)."Nofurtherresearchneeded:AbandoningtheHospitalandAnxietyDepression"(PDF).JournalofPsychosomaticResearch.72(3):173–174.doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.12.003.hdl:11370/e045970a-e3b6-49d3-a951-e221d8b71bc3.ISSN 1879-1360.PMID 22325694.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:usesauthorsparameter(link) ^Coyne,JamesC.;VanSonderen,Eric(2012)."TheHospitalAnxietyandDepressionScale(HADS)isdead,butlikeElvis,therewillstillbecitings"(PDF).JournalofPsychosomaticResearch.73:77–78.doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.04.002.hdl:11370/973e9f02-a65d-4ac1-8ae7-3b497562a627. 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