Ford Fiesta (first generation) - Wikipedia

The Ford Fiesta Mk1 is the first generation of the Ford Fiesta supermini. Originally introduced in 1976, it was Ford Europe's first multi-national ... FordFiesta(firstgeneration) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch ForanoverviewofallgenerationsoftheFiesta,seeFordFiesta. Superminicar,firstgenerationoftheFordFiesta Motorvehicle FordFiestaMk1OverviewManufacturerFordEuropeProductionJune1976–August1983Model years1977-1980(NorthAmerica)AssemblySpain:Almussafes(FordValencia)UnitedKingdom:Dagenham(FordDagenham)WestGermany:Cologne(CB&A)WestGermany:Saarlouis(SB&A)DesignerTomTjaardaUweBahnsenBodyandchassisClassSupermini(B)Body style3-doorhatchback3-doorpanelvanPlatformFordBplatformPowertrainEngine957 cc(58.4 cu in)ValenciaI41,117 cc(68.2 cu in)ValenciaI41,298 cc(79.2 cu in)CrossflowI41,597 cc(97.5 cu in)CrossflowI4Transmission4-speedBC4manualDimensionsWheelbase2,286 mm(90.0 in)Length3,565 mm(140.4 in)Width1,567 mm(61.7 in)Height1,360 mm(54 in)ChronologySuccessorFordFiesta(secondgeneration)FordEscort(NorthAmerica)FordFestiva(NorthAmerica) TheFordFiestaMk1isthefirstgenerationoftheFordFiestasupermini.Originallyintroducedin1976,itwasFordEurope'sfirstmulti-nationalfront-wheel-driveautomobile,andwasavailableinboth3-doorhatchbackandpanelvanderivatives.In1983,theFiestawasupdated,andtheFiestaMk2wasintroduced. Contents 1History 2Modelhistory 2.1Specifications 3Convertibleconversions 3.1Crayford 4References History[edit] TheFiestawasoriginallydevelopedundertheprojectname"Bobcat"(nottobeconfusedwiththesubsequentrebadgedMercuryvariantoftheFordPinto)andapprovedfordevelopmentbyHenryFordIIinSeptember1972.[1]DevelopmenttargetsindicatedaproductioncostUS$100lessthanthecurrentEscort.[2]ThecarwastohaveawheelbaselongerthanthatoftheFiat127(althoughshorterthansomeotherrivals,likethePeugeot104,Renault5andVolkswagenPolo),[3]butwithanoveralllengthshorterthanthatoftheEscort.ThefinalproposalwasdevelopedbyTomTjaardaatGhia.[3]TheprojectwasapprovedforproductioninDecember1973,withFord'sengineeringcentresinCologneandDunton(Essex)collaborating.[3] Fordestimatedthat500,000Fiestasayearwouldbeproduced,andbuiltanall-newfactorynearValencia,Spain;atrans-axlefactorynearBordeaux,France;factoryextensionsfortheassemblyplantsinDagenham,UK.FinalassemblyalsotookplaceinValencia.[4] ThenameFiestabelongedtoGeneralMotorswhenthecarwasdesigned,astheyhadusedthenamefortheOldsmobileFiestainthe1950s;however,itwasfreelygivenforFordtouseontheirnewsupermini.[3]Ford'smarketingteamhadpreferredthenameBravo,butHenryFordIIvetoeditinfavouroftheFiestaname.[3]ThemotoringpresshadbegunspeculatingabouttheexistenceoftheBobcatprojectsince1973,butitwasnotuntilDecember1975thatFordofficiallyannounceditastheFiesta.[3]AFiestawasondisplayatthe24HoursofLeMansinJune1976,andafewrallys.Mechanically,theFiestaadoptedthenowindustry-standardmechanicallayoutpioneeredbyFiatwithatransversemountedenginecoupledtoanend-onfour-speedmanualtransmissionoftheFordBC-Serieswithunequallengthdriveshafts.Thepowerunitwouldbeanew"shortblock"versionofthevenerableFordKentOHVengine,dubbed"Valencia"afterthebrandnewSpanishfactoryinAlmussafes,Valencia,developedespeciallytoproducethenewcar.Ford'splantsinDagenham,England,andSaarlouisandCologne(from1979)inGermany,alsomanufacturedFiestas.Tocutcostsandspeeduptheresearchanddevelopment,thenewpowertrainpackagedestinedfortheFiestawastestedinFiat127development"mules".[3]Unlikeseveralrivals,whichusedtorsionbarsintheirsuspension,theFiestausedcoilsprings.[3]ThefrontsuspensionwasofFord'stypical"trackcontrolarm"arrangement,whereMacPhersonstrutswerecombinedwithlowercontrolarmsandlongitudinalcompressionlinks.[3]Thestandardrearsuspensionusedabeamaxle,trailinglinksandaPanhardrod,whilstananti-rollbarwasincludedinthesportspackage.[3]AllMk1Fiestasfeatured12-inchwheelsasstandard,withdiscbrakesatthefrontanddrumbrakesattherear.[3]Fordpaidparticularattentioneaseofservice,andpublishedthetimesrequiredtoreplacevariouscommonparts.[5] Modelhistory[edit] AlthoughnotthefirstFordvehicletofeaturefront-wheeldrive(the1960sTaunus12MproducedbyFordofGermanylaidclaimtothattitle),theFiestaiswidelycreditedasbeingFord'sfirstgloballysuccessfulfront-wheel-drivemodel,andwasthefirstfront-wheeldriveFordcartofeatureatransverseenginelayout.TheFiestawasofficiallylaunchedintheUKonFebruary2,1977,whereitwasavailablefrom£1,856forthebasic950 cc-enginedmodel.[6] ItwasonlythesecondhatchbacksuperminitohavebeenbuiltintheUKatthisstage,beinglaunchedayearaftertheVauxhallChevette,butnearlyayearbeforethelaunchoftheChryslerSunbeamandfouryearsbeforetheAustinMetro.ThemillionthFiestawasproducedin1979.[1] FordFiestaXR2 ThecarwasinitiallyavailableinEuropewiththeValencia957 cc(58.4 cu in)I4(highcompressionandlowcompressionoptions),and1,117 cc(68.2 cu in)enginesandinBase,Popular,L,GL(1978onward),GhiaandStrim,aswellasavan.TheU.S.MarkIFiestawasbuiltinSaarlouisandCologne,Germanybuttoslightlydifferentspecifications;U.S.modelswereBase,Decor,Sport,andGhia,theGhiahavingthehighestleveloftrim.[7]ThesetrimlevelschangedverylittleintheFiesta'sthree-yearrunintheUS,from1977to1980.AllU.S.modelsfeaturedthemorepowerful1,596 cc(97.4 cu in)engine,whichwastheolder"Crossflow"versionoftheKentengine.AmongtheotherchangesrequiredfortheUSmarket,theFiestawasfittedwithacatalyticconverterandairpumptosatisfystrictCalifornianemissionregulations),energy-absorbingbumpers,side-markerlamps,roundsealed-beamheadlamps,improvedcrashdynamicsandfuelsystemintegrityaswellasoptionalairconditioning(a/cwasnotavailableinEurope).IntheU.S.market,theFordEscortreplacedboththeFiestaandthecompactPintoin1981. AtthebeginningoftheBritishgovernment'sMotabilityschemefordisabledmotoristsin1978,theFiestawasoneofthekeycarstobeavailableonthescheme.[8] Asportingderivative(1.3LSupersport)wasofferedinEuropeforthe1980modelyear,usingthe1.3 L(79 cu in)KentCrossflowengine,effectivelytotestthemarketforthesimilarXR2introducedayearlater,whichfeatureda1.6Lversionofthesameengine.Blackplastictrimwasaddedtotheexteriorandinterior.Thesmallsquareheadlightswerereplacedwithlargercircularonesresultinginthefrontindicatorsbeingmovedintothebumpertoaccommodatethechange.Withaquotedperformanceof0–60 mph(0–97 km/h)in9.3secondsand105 mph(169 km/h)topspeed,theXR2hothatchbecameacultcarbelovedofboyracersthroughoutthe1980s. Forthe1979autoshowseason,FordinconjunctionwithitsGhiaOperationsinTurin,Italy,producedtheFordFiestaTuaregoff-roadcar.Itwastoutedinpressmaterialsas"aconceptvehicledesignedandequippedforpractical,off-roadrecreationaluse."[9] Minorrevisionsappearedacrosstherangeinlate1981,withlargerbumperstomeetcrashworthinessregulationsandothersmallimprovementsinabidtomaintainshowroomappealaheadoftheforthcomingsecondgeneration. Itwaswell-receivedonmostEuropeanmarkets,particularlytheUnitedKingdom,whereitwastheninthbestsellingcarinitsfirstyear,andby1981itwasthethirdbestseller.However,in1982itwasoutsoldbyBL'snewAustinMetro,andwithahostofnewsuperminisbeinglaunchedacrossEuropebetweenSeptember1982andJune1983,FordwaskeentoupdatetheFiestainordertokeepitcompetitivewithitsrivals. Specifications[edit] Model Displacement Typecode Power TopSpeed 0–60 mph(0–97 km/h)(s) Years 950lowcompression[10][11] 957 cc(58.40 cu in) Valencia 40 hp(41 PS;30 kW) 81 mph(130 km/h) 18.6 1976–1983 950normalcompression[12][13] 957 cc(58.40 cu in) Valencia 44 hp(45 PS;33 kW) 85 mph(137 km/h) 16.6 1976–1983 1.1[14] 1,117 cc(68.16 cu in) Valencia 52 hp(53 PS;39 kW) 90 mph(145 km/h) 15.2 1976–1981 1.1[15] 1,117 cc(68.16 cu in) Valencia 54 hp(55 PS;40 kW) 90 mph(145 km/h) 15.1 1981–1983 1.1Economy[16] 1,117 cc(68.16 cu in) Valencia 55 hp(56 PS;41 kW) 90 mph(145 km/h) 15.1 1982–1983 1.1X[17] 1,117 cc(68.16 cu in) Valencia 69 hp(70 PS;51 kW) 99 mph(159 km/h) 11.3 1980–1981 1.3[18][19] 1,298 cc(79.21 cu in) Crossflow 65 hp(66 PS;48 kW) 98 mph(158 km/h) 11.6 1977–1983 1.3RS[20] 1,298 cc(79.21 cu in) Crossflow 74 hp(75 PS;55 kW) 103 mph(166 km/h) 11.2 1979–1981 1.6RS[21] 1,599 cc(97.58 cu in) Crossflow 90 hp(91 PS;67 kW) 103 mph(166 km/h) 9.6 1980 1.6XR2[22] 1,599 cc(97.58 cu in) Crossflow 83 hp(84 PS;62 kW) 106 mph(171 km/h) 9.5 1981–1983 FiestaFestival(EU)front Fiesta(EU)rear 1979FiestaGhia(US),front Convertibleconversions[edit] Crayford[edit] In1981,coachbuildersCrayforddevelopedaconvertibleversionoftheFiesta,whichwasdubbedtheFiestaFly.[23]DesignedbyDavidMcMullan,theFiestaFlyhadapermanentlywelded-shutboot,withaplasticsillfittedtopreventthecarfromneedingtoberepainted.[23]TheproductionhistoryoftheFiestaFlyisnotclear;butthecommonclaimthatonly20orsocarswerebuiltisprobablyuntrue;itisbelievedthatthisfigurereferstothenumberbuiltbyCrayford,ratherthanthenumberbuiltintotal.[24]WhatisknownisthatDorset-basedfirmF.EnglishCoachworkDivisionboughttherightstoproducetheFiestaFlysometimein1982,andAutocarreportedinSeptember1983thatabout100FiestaFlyconversionshadbeenproduced.[25]ItisbelievedthatFEnglishbuiltaround200FiestaFlys,with83knowntosurvive.[24]CrayfordalsoreportedlybuilttwoFiestaFlysbasedontheMk2Fiesta.[23]ItwasalsopossibletopurchaseanyproductionFiestamodelinFiestaFlyform,[26]notjustthe1300andXR2modelsasoftenreported.[27] References[edit] ^ab"TheHistoryofTheFiesta".ProjectBobcat.Retrieved20January2015. ^"Stillgoingstrong,Ford'syouthfulspiritedFiestaiscelebratingits30thbirthday".Media.Ford.com.25August2006. ^abcdefghijkSeverson,Aaron(27November2013)."PartyDownsize:TheFordFiestaMk1andMk2".AteUpWithMotor.Retrieved20January2015. ^"Retrospective:FordFiesta:30thAnniversary".Channel4.10February2006.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17December2009. ^Armstrong,Douglas(October1976)."HardHittingFiestaFromFord".SAMotor:43. ^"Hammond'stripdownmemorylane–NorfolkMotoringNews,RoadTestsandmore".EDP24.Retrieved10September2010.[permanentdeadlink] ^"FordFiestaGlobalHeritage"(PDF).Media.Ford.com.April2010.Retrieved30April2010.[permanentdeadlink] ^"1978:MotabilitygetsmovingintheUK".BBCNews.25July1978. ^"FiestaTuaregPressRelease&PressPhoto".TheCrittendenAutomotiveLibrary.1979. ^"1976FordFiesta1.0(lowcompr.)(modelsinceOctober1976forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiesta1.0(lowcompr.)(modelsinceSeptember1981forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiesta1.0(modelsinceOctober1976forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiesta1.0(modelsinceSeptember1981forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1976FordFiesta1.1(modelsinceOctober1976forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiesta1.1(modelsinceSeptember1981forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1982FordFiesta1.1LEconomy(modelsinceSeptember1982forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1982FordFiestaX(modelsincemid-year1980forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1977FordFiesta1.3Ghia(modelsincemid-year1977forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiesta1.3Ghia(modelsinceSeptember1981forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1979FordFiestaS1.3RS(modelsincemid-year1979forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1980FordFiestaSeriesX1.6RS(modelsinceFebruary1980forEuropeU.K.)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^"1981FordFiestaXR-2(modelsinceSeptember1981forEurope)specifications&performancedatareview".automobile-catalog.com.Retrieved21January2015. ^abc"FiestaFly".CrayfordConvertibleCarClub.Retrieved20January2015. ^ab"Introduction".TheFiestaFly.Retrieved20January2015. ^"FiestaFly".Autocar.25June1983.{{citemagazine}}:Citemagazinerequires|magazine=(help) ^"FlyProjectionsJune1983".TheFiestaFly.Retrieved20January2015. ^"TheFiestaCabriolet".ProjectBobcat.Retrieved20January2015. WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoFordFiestaMK1. vte« previous—Fordcartimeline,NorthAmericanmarket,1946–1979—next » Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Subcompact Fiesta Pinto Compact Falcon Falcon Falcon Maverick Fairmont Granada Mid-size Falcon70½ Fairlane Fairlane Fairlane Fairlane Torino Torino Torino LTDII Full-size Deluxe Ford Deluxe Mainline Mainline Custom,Custom300 Custom300 Fairlane GalaxieMainliner 300 Custom Custom Custom Custom(cdn) SuperDeluxe CustomDeluxe Customline Customline Fairlane Fairlane Fairlane500 Galaxie Custom500 Custom500 Custom500 Crestline Fairlane Fairlane500 Galaxie Galaxie500 Galaxie500 Galaxie500 Galaxie Galaxie500XL Galaxie500XL XL XL Galaxie500LTD LTD LTD LTD Stationwagon Parklane DelRio RanchWagon RanchWagon RanchWagon RanchWagon RanchWagon RanchWagon CountrySedan CountrySedan CountrySedan CountrySedan CountrySedan CountrySquire CountrySquire CountrySquire CountrySquire CountrySquire CountrySquire Personalluxury Elite Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Sports Thunderbird Mustang Mustang Mustang vte« previous—Fordcartimeline,UnitedStates&Canada,1980–present Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Subcompact Fiesta Festiva Aspire Fiesta Compact Pinto Escort Escort Escort Focus Focus Focus Fairmont Tempo Tempo Contour Granada Mid-size Granada LTD Fusion Fusion Taurus Taurus Taurus Taurus Full-size LTD LTDCrownVictoria CrownVictoria CrownVictoria CountrySquire FiveHundred→Taurus Taurus Personalluxury Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Thunderbird Sportcompact EXP EXP Probe Probe EscortZX2 ZX2 FiestaST FocusST FocusRS Sportscar Mustang Mustang Mustang Mustang GT GT vteFordautomobiletimeline,Europeanmarket,1950s–1980s—next » Type 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Supermini FiestaI FiestaII Smallfamilycar Anglia100E Anglia105E/SuperAnglia123E EscortI EscortII EscortIII Largefamilycar Consul ConsulII CortinaI CortinaII CortinaIII/TaunusTC CortinaIV/TaunusTC CortinaV/TaunusTC Sierra FordTaunusP1 TaunusP4 TaunusP6 Classic Corsair Executivecar TaunusP2 TaunusP3 TaunusP5 TaunusP7a TaunusP7b GranadaI* GranadaII ZephyrI ZephyrII Zephyr4/6III Zephyr4/6IV ZodiacI ZodiacII ZodiacIII ZodiacIV&Executive Coupé ConsulCapri CapriI CapriII CapriIII Van FK1000,FK1250/TaunusTransit TransitI TransitII Legend      sub-assembledbyPSC *AlsosoldasConsuluntillate1975. vte« previous—Fordautomobiletimeline,Europeanmarket,1980s–present Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Citycar KaI KaII KaIII Supermini FiestaI FiestaII FiestaIV FiestaV FiestaIII FiestaVI FiestaVII Smallfamilycar EscortIII/OrionI Escort IV/Orion II EscortV/OrionIII EscortVb EscortVI FocusI FocusII FocusIII FocusIV Largefamilycar Taunus III/Cortina V SierraI SierraII MondeoI MondeoII MondeoIII MondeoIV Executivecar GranadaII ScorpioI/GranadaIII ScorpioII Sportscar Puma Capri Probe Cougar MustangVI RS200 GT GT SmallSUV EcoSport Puma MustangMach-E MediumSUV MaverickI MaverickII KugaI KugaII KugaIII LargeSUV Edge Explorer ExplorerPHEV MiniMPV Fusion B-MAX CompactMPV C-MAXI C-MAXII LargeMPV S-MAXI S-MAXII GalaxyI GalaxyII GalaxyIII LCV/LAV CourierIII CourierIV TransitCourier TransitConnectI TransitConnectII TransitConnectIII Van TransitCustom TransitII TransitIII TransitIV TransitV TransitVI Pick-up RangerI RangerII RangerIII Notes OnlymodelssoldinContinentalEuropeandtheBritishIslesareshown,overseasterritoriesoftenhavedifferentofferings. 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