Semiconductor industry - Wikipedia

Largest companiesEdit ; Bosch · Germany, IDM ; STMicroelectronics · France/. Italy, IDM ; Sony · Japan, IDM ; ARM · United Kingdom, Fabless ... Semiconductorindustry FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Industry Semiconductordevicefabrication MOSFETscaling(processnodes) 010 µm –1971 006 µm –1974 003 µm –1977  1.5 µm –1981 001 µm –1984 800 nm –1987 600 nm –1990 350 nm –1993 250 nm –1996 180 nm –1999 130 nm –2001 090 nm –2003 065 nm –2005 045 nm –2007 032 nm –2009 022 nm –2012 014 nm –2014 010 nm –2016 007 nm –2018 005 nm –2020 003 nm –2022 Future 002 nm ~2024 Half-nodes Density CMOS Device(multi-gate) Moore'slaw Transistorcount Semiconductor Industry Nanoelectronics vte Thesemiconductorindustryistheaggregateofcompaniesengagedinthedesignandfabricationofsemiconductorsandsemiconductordevices,suchastransistorsandintegratedcircuits.Itformedaround1960,oncethefabricationofsemiconductordevicesbecameaviablebusiness.Theindustry'sannualsemiconductorsalesrevenuehassincegrowntoover$481billion,asof2018.[1]Thesemiconductorindustryisinturnthedrivingforcebehindthewiderelectronicsindustry,[2]withannualpowerelectronicssalesof£135 billion($216billion)asof2011,[3]annualconsumerelectronicssalesexpectedtoreach$2.9trillionby2020,[4]techindustrysalesexpectedtoreach$5trillionin2019,[5]ande-commercewithover$29trillionin2017.[6]In2019,32.4%ofthesemiconductormarketsegmentwasfornetworksandcommunicationsdevices.[7] In2021,thesalesofsemiconductorsreachedarecord$555.9billion,up26.2percentwithsalesinChinareaching$192.5billion,accordingtotheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation.Arecord1.15trillionsemiconductorunitswereshippedinthecalendaryear.[8]Thesemiconductorsisprojectedtoreach$726.73billionby2027.[9] Contents 1Industrystructure 2Semiconductorsales 2.1Salesrevenue 2.2Marketshare 3Largestcompanies 4Deviceshipments 4.1Integratedcircuits 4.2Discretedevices 5Sales 6Seealso 7Notes 8References 9Externallinks Industrystructure[edit] TheglobalsemiconductorindustryisdominatedbycompaniesfromtheUnitedStates,Taiwan,SouthKorea,JapanandtheNetherlands. Electronicintegratedcircuitexportbycountryorregionasof2016,byHS4tradeclassification. Exportofdiscretesemiconductorsasof2016,byUnitedNationsHarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystems4 Uniquefeaturesoftheindustryincludecontinuousgrowthbutinacyclicalpatternwithhighvolatility.Whilethecurrent20yearannualaveragegrowthofthesemiconductorindustryisontheorderof13%,thishasbeenaccompaniedbyequallyabove-averagemarketvolatility,whichcanleadtosignificantifnotdramaticcyclicalswings.Thishasrequiredtheneedforhighdegreesofflexibilityandinnovationinordertoconstantlyadjusttotherapidpaceofchangeinthemarketasmanyproductsembeddingsemiconductordevicesoftenhaveaveryshortlifecycle. Atthesametime,therateofconstantprice-performanceimprovementinthesemiconductorindustryisstaggering.Asaconsequence,changesinthesemiconductormarketnotonlyoccurextremelyrapidlybutalsoanticipatechangesinindustriesevolvingataslowerpace.Thesemiconductorindustryiswidelyrecognizedasakeydriverandtechnologyenablerforthewholeelectronicsvaluechain.[10] Theindustryisbasedonthefoundrymodel,whichconsistsofsemiconductorfabricationplants(foundries)andintegratedcircuitdesignoperations,eachbelongingtoseparatecompaniesorsubsidiaries.Somecompanies,knownasintegrateddevicemanufacturers,bothdesignandmanufacturesemiconductors.Thefoundrymodelhasresultedinconsolidationamongfoundries.Asof2021,onlythreefirmsareabletomanufacturethemostadvancedsemiconductors:TSMCofTaiwan,SamsungofSouthKorea,andInteloftheUnitedStates.[11]Partofthisisduetothehighcapitalcostsofbuildingfoundries.TSMC'slatestfactory,capableoffabricating3nmprocesssemiconductorsandcompletedin2020,cost$19.5billion.[11] IntelisconsideringoutsourcingsomeproductiontoTSMC.Itcurrentlycanonlyproduce10nmsemiconductors,whileTSMCandSamsungcanbothproduce5nm.[11]GlobalFoundries,anAmerican-headquarteredfirm,usesa12nmprocessforitsmostadvancedchipsduetotherapidlyincreasingdevelopmentcostsofsmallerprocessnodes.[12] Semiconductorsales[edit] Salesrevenue[edit] Annualsemiconductorsales(1987–2018) Year Revenue(nominal) Revenue(inflation) Ref 2018 $481,090,000,000 $519,150,000,000 [1] 2017 $420,390,000,000 $464,730,000,000 [1] 2016 $345,850,000,000 $390,500,000,000 [1] 2015 $335,170,000,000 $383,170,000,000 [13] 2014 $335,840,000,000 $384,420,000,000 2013 $305,580,000,000 $355,480,000,000 2012 $291,560,000,000 $344,130,000,000 2011 $299,520,000,000 $360,800,000,000 2010 $298,320,000,000 $370,700,000,000 2009 $226,310,000,000 $285,840,000,000 2008 $280,000,000,000 $352,000,000,000 2007 $255,600,000,000 $334,000,000,000 [14] 2006 $247,700,000,000 $333,000,000,000 2005 $227,000,000,000 $315,000,000,000 [13] 2004 $213,000,000,000 $306,000,000,000 2000 $204,000,000,000 $321,000,000,000 1995 $144,000,000,000 $256,000,000,000 1992 $60,000,000,000 $116,000,000,000 1990 $51,000,000,000 $106,000,000,000 1987 $33,000,000,000 $79,000,000,000 2017salesbreakdown[1] Industrysector Revenue Marketshare Ref Memory $124billion 30% [15] Logic $102.2billion 25% Microprocessor $63.9billion 16% Powersemiconductors $36.8billion 9% [16] Total $420.39billion 100% 2008salesbreakdown Semiconductortype Revenue Marketshare Ref Integratedcircuitchip $250billion 89.3% [17] Compoundsemiconductors $20billion 7.1% Powertransistors $10billion 3.6% [18] Total $280billion 100% Marketshare[edit] Microprocessormarketshare(2005)[19] Industrysector Marketshare Computerandperipheralequipment 32.3% Consumerelectronics 21.2% Telecommunicationsequipment 16.5% Industrialelectronics 14.3% Defenseandspaceindustry 11.5% Transportationtechnology 4.2% Largestcompanies[edit] Seealso:Foundrysalesleadersbyyear Largestsemiconductorcompanies(annualsemiconductorsalesleaders) Rank 2020[20] 2018[21] 2017[21] 2011[22] 2006[23] 2000[23] 1995[23] 1992[24] 1990[23] 1986[25] 1985[23] 1975[25] 1 Intel Samsung Samsung Intel Intel Intel Intel NEC NEC NEC NEC TI 2 Samsung Intel Intel Samsung Samsung Toshiba NEC Toshiba Toshiba Toshiba TI Motorola 3 TSMC SKHynix TSMC TSMC TI NEC Toshiba Intel Hitachi Hitachi Motorola Philips 4 SKHynix TSMC SKHynix TI Toshiba Samsung Hitachi Motorola Intel ? Hitachi ? 5 Micron Micron Micron Toshiba ST TI Motorola Hitachi Motorola ? Toshiba 6 Qualcomm Broadcom Broadcom Renesas Renesas Motorola Samsung TI Fujitsu ? Fujitsu 7 Broadcom Qualcomm Qualcomm Qualcomm Hynix ST TI ? Mitsubishi ? Philips 8 Nvidia Toshiba TI ST Freescale Hitachi IBM Mitsubishi TI ? Intel 9 TI TI Toshiba Hynix NXP Infineon Mitsubishi ? Philips ? National 10 Infineon Nvidia Nvidia Micron NEC Philips Hyundai ? Matsushita ? Matsushita Majorsemiconductorcompanies Name Country Manufacturertype[26] Hardwareproducts SamsungElectronics  SouthKorea IDM NANDflashmemory,DRAM,CMOSsensor,RFtransceivers,OLEDdisplay,SSD Intel  UnitedStates IDM x86-64microprocessor,GPU,SSD,DRAM TSMC  Taiwan Pure-play SKHynix[a]  SouthKorea IDM flashmemory,DRAM,SSD,CMOSsensor Micron[b]  UnitedStates IDM DRAM,NANDflash,SSD,NORflash,ManagedNAND,multichippackages Qualcomm  UnitedStates Fabless RFmodule,digitalsignalprocessor,Snapdragonsystemonchip Broadcom  UnitedStates Fabless Kioxia[c]  Japan IDM flashmemory,SSD TexasInstruments(TI)  UnitedStates IDM AnalogDevices[d]  UnitedStates IDM Amplifiers,dataconverters,audio&videoproducts,RF&microwave,sensors,MEMS Microchip  UnitedStates IDM Microcontrollersandanalogsemiconductors NXP  Netherlands IDM MediaTek  Taiwan Fabless SoC,chipset,CPU,GPU,DSP Infineon[e]  Germany IDM Microcontrollersandpowersemiconductordevices Bosch  Germany IDM STMicroelectronics  France/ Italy IDM ASIC,Microcontrollers Sony  Japan IDM ARM  UnitedKingdom Fabless Microprocessor AMD  UnitedStates Fabless x86-64CPU,GPU,motherboardchipset,SDRAM Nvidia  UnitedStates Fabless GPU ONSemiconductor  UnitedStates IDM UMC  Taiwan Pure-play Apple  UnitedStates Fabless Applesilicon IBM  UnitedStates Fabless MitsubishiElectric  Japan IDM Powersemiconductordevices ImaginationTechnologies  UnitedKingdom Fabless Graphcore  UnitedKingdom Fabless TowerSemiconductor  Israel IDM Xilinx  UnitedStates Fabless programmablelogicdevice SMIC  China Pure-play Notes: Pure-playfoundries–Theyspecializeinfoundryservices.Theymayormaynotofferdesignservicestothirdparties,aswellasmask(photomask)making,semiconductorpackagingandtestingservices,whichcanalsobeoutsourcedtoothercompanies.AnexampleisTSMC,whichoffersdesign,testingandpackagingservices,TCEphtomasks,whichoffersonlymaskmakingservices,andChipMOS,whichoffersonlypackagingandtestingservices. IDMs(integrateddevicemanufacturers)–Theymayormaynotofferfoundryservices. Fablesssuppliers–Theydonotofferfoundryservices.Theymayormaynotofferdesignservicestothirdparties. Deviceshipments[edit] Furtherinformation:Listofbest-sellingelectronicdevices Semiconductordevices(est.millionmanufacturedunits)[27] Year Optoelectronics Sensor/Actuator MOSFET[28] 1960–2001 ? ? 2,900,000,000,000,000 2002 23,164 1,654 2003 28,955 2,482 2004 38,056 3,310 2005 44,675 4,137 2006[29] 55,429 4,137 2007[30] 67,839 4,136 2008 76,939 4,964 2009 91,003 4,964 2010 97,622 6,619 2011 110,031 8,273 2012 129,886 11,583 2013 131,541 14,064 2014–2015 ? ? 10,100,000,000,000,000 2016[31][32] 217,200 17,376 2017–2018 ? ? 1960–2018 1,112,340+ 87,699+ 13,000,000,000,000,000 Integratedcircuits[edit] Integratedcircuitchips(est.millionmanufacturedunits)[27] Year MOSmemory MPU/MCU Analog Logic ASIC ASSP Total 1960–1991 ? 15,000[33] ? ? ? ? 350,000[33] 1992[34] 3,706 1993[34] 4,060 1994[34] 4,938 1995[34] 6,092 1996[34] 6,206 1997 7,155[35] ? ? ? ? ? 60,100[30] 1998–1999 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2000[36] ? ? ? ? ? ? 89,100 2001 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2002 9,100 6,619 24,819 11,582 2,482 23,992 78,594 2003 10,755 6,618 30,611 14,064 1,655 25,646 89,349 2004 13,237 9,100 33,092 14,064 1,654 33,092 104,239 2005 15,719 8,273 37,229 14,891 2,481 38,056 116,649 2006[29] 18,201 10,755 43,020 18,200 2,482 45,501 141,600 2007[30] 23,992 12,409 48,811 18,201 3,309 45,502 156,000 2008 25,646 12,410 49,639 18,200 1,655 47,156 154,706 2009 28,128 11,582 43,020 14,892 2,482 43,847 143,951 2010[36] 33,919 16,546 57,084 19,028 1,654 57,911 189,800 2011 33,919 17,374 56,256 19,028 1,655 58,738 186,970 2012 34,747 17,373 57,084 17,373 1,655 57,083 185,315 2013 33,919 16,546 67,839 18,201 2,481 64,530 203,516 2014 ? 18,600[37] ? ? ? ? ? 2015 ? 22,058[38] ? ? ? ? 235,600[36] 2016[31][32] 43,440 21,174[38] 130,320 52,128 ? ? 342,416 2017 ? 25,797[38] ? ? ? ? 581,321[39] 2018 ? ? ? ? ? ? 634,700[39] 1960–2018 356,879+ 274,298+ 635,804+ 249,852+ 25,645+ 541,054+ 4,043,926+ Discretedevices[edit] Discretedevices(est.millionmanufacturedunits)[40][27] Year Discretetransistors Diode Total Power Small-signal Total 1954–1956[41] ? ? 28 ? 28+ 1957[41] ? ? 30 ? 30+ 1958–1962 ? ? ? ? ? 1963[41] ? ? 303 ? 303+ 1964–1965 ? ? ? ? ? 1966[42] ? ? 968 ? 968+ 1967[42] ? ? 881 ? 881+ 1968[42] ? ? 997 ? 997+ 1969[41] ? ? 1,249 ? 1,249+ 1970[42] ? ? 914 ? 914+ 1971[41] ? ? 881 ? 881+ 1972–2001 ? ? ? ? ? 2002 ? ? ? ? 232,472 2003 ? ? ? ? 245,708 2004 ? ? ? ? 287,901 2005 ? ? ? ? 290,382 2006[29] ? ? ? ? 321,820 2007[30] ? ? ? ? 356,566 2008 ? ? ? ? 324,301 2009 ? ? ? ? 289,555 2010 53,000[43] ? 53,000+ ? 371,458 2011 45,000 110,000 155,000 143,000 356,000 2012 ? ? ? ? 345,812 2013 44,000 103,000 147,000 146,000 358,000 2014 48,000 109,000 157,000 154,000 380,000 2015[36] 52,000 107,000 159,000 150,000 372,000 2016[31] 53,300 ? 53,300+ ? 382,272 2017 58,100 ? 58,100+ ? 58,100+ 2018 62,800 ? 62,800+ ? 62,800+ 1954–2018 416,200+ 429,000+ 851,451+ 593,000+ 5,041,398+ Sales[edit] Manufacturersheadquarteredinthefollowingplacesarethesalesleadersinthepure-playfoundry,IDM(integrateddevicemanufacturing),fablessmanufacturingandOSAT(outsourcedsemiconductorassemblyandtesting)sectorsoftheindustry.[26] Rank Foundry IDM Fabless OSAT 1  Taiwan  UnitedStates  UnitedStates  Taiwan 2  UnitedStates  SouthKorea  Taiwan  UnitedStates 3  China  Japan  China  China 4  Israel  EuropeanUnion  EuropeanUnion  Singapore 5  SouthKorea  Taiwan  Japan  Japan NotethatmanufacturersheadquarteredintheUnitedStateshavefabricationplantsacrosstheworld,includingover50%intheAmericas,39%intheAsia-Pacificregion(including9%inJapan),and9%inEurope.[26] Seealso[edit] Electronicdesignautomation Listofsemiconductorfabricationplants Foundrymodel Semiconductorconsolidation Semiconductordevicefabrication Semiconductorfabricationplant SemiconductorIndustryAssociation SemiconductorindustryinIndia SemiconductorindustryinTaiwan SemiconductorindustryinChina Transistorcount Notes[edit] ^FormerlyHyundaiElectronics. ^AcquiredElpidaMemoryandPowerchip. ^FormerlyToshibaMemory. ^AcquiredMaximIntegrated. ^AcquiredCypressSemiconductor. 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^ab"GlobalandChina$578BnIntegratedCircuitIndustriesMarkets,2014-2018&2019-2023".PRNewswire.ResearchandMarkets.June5,2019.Retrieved24October2019. ^"Globaldiscretesemiconductorshipmentsbytype2011-2020".Statista.Retrieved15October2019. ^abcdeButrica,AndrewJ.(2015)."Chapter3:NASA'sRoleintheManufactureofIntegratedCircuits".InDick,StevenJ.(ed.).HistoricalStudiesintheSocietalImpactofSpaceflight(PDF).NASA.pp. 149–250.ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. ^abcdElectronicreceivingtubesandtransistorsproductionandmaintenanceworkersatRCACorporationplant.UnitedStatesTariffCommission.1971.p. A-15. ^Clarke,Peter(June24,2011)."Powertransistormarketsettogrow9%in2011".EETimes.Retrieved29October2019. vteMajorindustriesNaturalsectorBioticAgriculture Arablefarming Cereals Legumes Vegetables Fibercrops Oilseeds Sugar Tobacco Permanentcrops Applesetal. Berries Citrus Stonefruits Tropicalfruit Viticulture Cocoa Coffee Tea Nuts Olives Medicinalplants Spices Horticulture Flowers Seeds Animalhusbandry Beefcattle Dairyfarming Furfarming Horses Otherlivestock Pig Wool Poultry Beekeeping Cochineal Lac Silk Hunting Furtrapping Forestry Silviculture Bamboo Logging Firewood Rattan Treetapping Frankincense Gumarabic Gutta-percha Maplesyrup Mastic Naturalrubber Palmsugar,syrup,&wine Pineresin Wildmushrooms Fungiculture Truffles Aquatic Fishing Anchovies Herring Sardines Cod Haddock Pollock Mackerel Shark Swordfish Tuna Crabs Lobsters Seaurchins Squid Whaling Aquaculture Carp Catfish Tilapia Abalone Mussels Oysters Pearls Microalgae Seaweed Both Clams Seacucumbers Scallops Salmon Shrimp Geological Fossilfuels Coal Peat Naturalgas Oilshale Petroleum Tarsands Miningofores Aluminum Copper Iron Gold Silver Palladium Platinum Lithium Rare-earthmetals Uranium Otherminerals Gemstones Phosphorus Potash Salt Sulfur Quarrying Gravel Sand Chalk Clay Gypsum 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