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Causes of climate change - European Commission

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The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect. Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's ... Skiptomaincontent EuropeanCommission…ClimateActionClimatechangeCausesofclimatechangeCausesofclimatechange PagecontentsGreenhousegasesCausesforrisingemissionsGlobalwarming Humansareincreasinglyinfluencingtheclimateandtheearth'stemperaturebyburningfossilfuels,cuttingdownforestsandfarminglivestock.Thisaddsenormousamountsofgreenhousegasestothosenaturallyoccurringintheatmosphere,increasingthegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming. Greenhousegases Themaindriverofclimatechangeisthegreenhouseeffect.SomegasesintheEarth'satmosphereactabitliketheglassinagreenhouse,trappingthesun'sheatandstoppingitfromleakingbackintospaceandcausingglobalwarming.Manyofthesegreenhousegasesoccurnaturally,buthumanactivityisincreasingtheconcentrationsofsomeofthemintheatmosphere,inparticular:carbondioxide(CO2)methanenitrousoxidefluorinatedgasesCO2producedbyhumanactivitiesisthelargestcontributortoglobalwarming.By2020,itsconcentrationintheatmospherehadrisento48%aboveitspre-industriallevel(before1750).Othergreenhousegasesareemittedbyhumanactivityinsmallerquantities.MethaneisamorepowerfulgreenhousegasthanCO2,buthasashorteratmosphericlifetime.Nitrousoxide,likeCO2,isalong-livedgreenhousegasthataccumulatesintheatmosphereoverdecadestocenturies.Naturalcauses,suchaschangesinsolarradiationorvolcanicactivityareestimatedtohavecontributedlessthanplusorminus0.1°Ctototalwarmingbetween1890and2010. Causesforrisingemissions Burningcoal,oilandgasproducescarbondioxideandnitrousoxide.Cuttingdownforests(deforestation).TreeshelptoregulatetheclimatebyabsorbingCO2fromtheatmosphere.Whentheyarecutdown,thatbeneficialeffectislostandthecarbonstoredinthetreesisreleasedintotheatmosphere,addingtothegreenhouseeffect.Increasinglivestockfarming.Cowsandsheepproducelargeamountsofmethanewhentheydigesttheirfood.Fertiliserscontainingnitrogenproducenitrousoxideemissions.Fluorinatedgasesareemittedfromequipmentandproductsthatusethesegases.Suchemissionshaveaverystrongwarmingeffect,upto23000timesgreaterthanCO2. Globalwarming 2011-2020wasthewarmestdecaderecorded,withglobalaveragetemperaturereaching1.1°Cabovepre-industriallevelsin2019.Human-inducedglobalwarmingispresentlyincreasingatarateof0.2°Cperdecade.Anincreaseof2°Ccomparedtothetemperatureinpre-industrialtimesisassociatedwithseriousnegativeimpactsontothenaturalenvironmentandhumanhealthandwellbeing,includingamuchhigherriskthatdangerousandpossiblycatastrophicchangesintheglobalenvironmentwilloccur.Forthisreason,theinternationalcommunityhasrecognisedtheneedtokeepwarmingwellbelow2°Candpursueeffortstolimititto1.5°C. Sharethispage

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