Content-based instruction - Wikipedia

Content-based instruction (CBI) is a significant approach in language education (Brinton, Snow, & Wesche, 1989), designed to provide second-language ... Content-basedinstruction FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Content-basedinstruction(CBI)isasignificantapproachinlanguageeducation(Brinton,Snow,&Wesche,1989),designedtoprovidesecond-languagelearnersinstructionincontentandlanguage(henceitisalsocalledcontent-basedlanguageteaching;CBLT).CBIisconsideredanempoweringapproachwhichencourageslearnerstolearnalanguagebyusingitasarealmeansofcommunicationfromtheveryfirstdayinclass.[1]Theideaistomakethembecomeindependentlearnerssotheycancontinuethelearningprocessevenoutsidetheclass.[1] Historically,thewordcontenthaschangeditsmeaninginsecondlanguageteaching.Contentusedtorefertothemethodsofgrammar-translation,audio-lingualmethodology,andvocabularyorsoundpatternsindialogform. Recently,contentisinterpretedastheuseofsubjectmatterasavehicleforsecondorforeignlanguageteaching/learning(linguisticimmersion). Contents 1Methodology 2Benefits 3Comparisontootherapproaches 4Motivatingstudents 5Activestudentinvolvement 6Conclusion 7Seealso 8References 9Externallinks Methodology[edit] CBIisconsideredmoreaphilosophythanamethodology.ThereisnosingleformulaforthistypeofinstructionbuttherearecertainmodelsofCBIwhichareusedworldwidetoachieveaholisticandglobalapproachtoforeignlanguagelearning.[1]Inessence,CBIimpliesintegrationoflanguagelearningandcontentlearning.Hence,inaCBIcoursethefocusoflearningisnotonlearningofalanguageinisolation,butratherlearningoflanguagethroughthestudyofsubjectmatter.[1]ACBIcurriculumisbasedonasubjectmattercore,usesauthenticlanguageandtexts,andisguidedbylearnerneeds.[1]Thismeansthatthecurriculumisbasedonacertainsubjectmatterandcommunicativecompetenceisacquiredinthecontextoflearningaboutcertaintopicsinthatsubjectarea.Thisfallsunderthetopdownapproachtolanguagelearningwhere,unlikethebottomupapproach,alearnerfirstlearnstheoverallmeaningofatextandthenattendstothelanguagefeatures.[1] Benefits[edit] Learnersareexposedtoaconsiderableamountoflanguagethroughstimulatingcontent.Learnersexploreinterestingcontentandareengagedinappropriatelanguage-dependentactivities.Languagesarenotlearnedthroughdirectinstruction,butratheracquired"naturally"orautomatically. CBIsupportscontextualizedlearning;learnersaretaughtusefullanguagethatisembeddedwithinrelevantdiscoursecontextsratherthanpresentedasisolatedlanguagefragments.Hencestudentsmakegreaterconnectionswiththelanguageandwhattheyalreadyknow. Complexinformationisdeliveredthroughreallifecontextsforthestudentstograspeasily,therebyleadingtointrinsicmotivation. InCBIinformationisreiteratedbystrategicallydeliveringinformationattherighttimeandthroughsituationscompellingthestudentstolearnoutofpassion. Greaterflexibilityandadaptabilityinthecurriculumcanbedeployedasperthestudent'sinterest. Comparisontootherapproaches[edit] TheCBIapproachiscomparabletoEnglishforSpecificPurposes(ESP),whichusuallyisforvocationaloroccupationalneeds,ortoEnglishforAcademicPurposes(EAP).ThegoalofCBIistopreparestudentstoacquirethelanguagewhileusingthecontextofanysubjectmattersothatstudentslearnthelanguagebyusingitwithinthatspecificcontext.Ratherthanlearningalanguageoutofcontext,itislearnedwithinthecontextofaspecificacademicsubject. Aseducatorsrealizedthatinordertosuccessfullycompleteanacademictask,secondlanguage(L2)learnershavetomasterbothEnglishasalanguageform(grammar,vocabularyetc.)andhowEnglishisusedincorecontentclasses,theystartedtoimplementvariousapproachessuchasShelteredinstructionandlearningtolearninCBIclasses.Shelteredinstructionismoreofateacher-drivenapproachthatputstheresponsibilityontheteachers'shoulders.Thisisthecasebystressingseveralpedagogicalneedstohelplearnersachievetheirgoals,suchasteachershavingknowledgeofthesubjectmatter,knowledgeofinstructionalstrategiestocomprehensibleandaccessiblecontent,knowledgeofL2learningprocessesandtheabilitytoassesscognitive,linguisticandsocialstrategiesthatstudentsusetoassurecontentcomprehensionwhilepromotingEnglishacademicdevelopment.Learningtolearnismoreofastudent-centeredapproachthatstressestheimportanceofhavingthelearnerssharethisresponsibilitywiththeirteachers.Learningtolearnemphasizesthesignificantrolethatlearningstrategiesplayintheprocessoflearning. Motivatingstudents[edit] Keepingstudentsmotivatedandinterestedaretwoimportantfactorsunderlyingcontent-basedinstruction.Motivationandinterestarecrucialinsupportingstudentsuccesswithchallenging,informativeactivitiesthatsupportsuccessandwhichhelpthestudentlearncomplexskills(Grabe&Stoller,1997).Whenstudentsaremotivatedandinterestedinthematerialtheyarelearning,theymakegreaterconnectionsbetweentopics,elaborationswithlearningmaterialandcanrecallinformationbetter(Alexander,Kulikowich,&Jetton,1994:Krapp,Hidi,&Renninger,1992).Inshort,whenastudentisintrinsicallymotivatedthestudentachievesmore.Thisinturnleadstoaperceptionofsuccess,ofgainingpositiveattributeswhichwillcontinueacircularlearningpatternofsuccessandinterest.Krapp,HidiandRenninger(1992)statethat,"situationalinterest,triggeredbyenvironmentalfactors,mayevokeorcontributetothedevelopmentoflong-lastingindividualinterests"(p. 18).BecauseCBIisstudentcentered,oneofitsgoalsistokeepstudentsinterestedandmotivationhighbygeneratingstimulatingcontentinstructionandmaterials. Activestudentinvolvement[edit] Becauseitfallsunderthemoregeneralrubricofcommunicativelanguageteaching(CLT),theCBIclassroomislearner-ratherthanteacher-centered(Littlewood,1981).Insuchclassrooms,studentslearnthroughdoingandareactivelyengagedinthelearningprocess.Theydonotdependontheteachertodirectalllearningortobethesourceofallinformation.CentraltoCBIisthebeliefthatlearningoccursnotonlythroughexposuretotheteacher'sinput,butalsothroughpeerinputandinteractions.Accordingly,studentsassumeactive,socialrolesintheclassroomthatinvolveinteractivelearning,negotiation,informationgatheringandtheco-constructionofmeaning(LeeandVanPatten,1995).WilliamGlasser's"controltheory"exemplifieshisattemptstoempowerstudentsandgivethemvoicebyfocusingontheirbasic,humanneeds:Unlessstudentsaregivenpower,theymayexertwhatlittlepowertheyhavetothwartlearningandachievementthroughinappropriatebehaviorandmediocrity.Thus,itisimportantforteacherstogivestudentsvoice,especiallyinthecurrenteducationalclimate,whichisdominatedbystandardizationandtesting(SimmonsandPage,2010).[2] Conclusion[edit] TheintegrationoflanguageandcontentteachingisperceivedbytheEuropeanCommissionas"anexcellentwayofmakingprogressinaforeignlanguage."CBIeffectivelyincreaseslearners'Englishlanguageproficiencyandteachesthemtheskillsnecessaryforthesuccessinvariousprofessions.WithCBI,learnersgraduallyacquiregreatercontroloftheEnglishlanguage,enablingthemtoparticipatemorefullyinanincreasinglycomplexacademic&socialenvironment. Seealso[edit] Contentandlanguageintegratedlearning Englishlanguagelearningandteaching Languageeducation Secondlanguage TeachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage References[edit] ^abcdefStryker,StephenB.,ed.Leaver,BettyLou,ed.(1997).Content-basedinstructioninforeignlanguageeducation :modelsandmethods.GeorgetownUniversityPress.ISBN 087840659X.OCLC 807888212.{{citebook}}:|last=hasgenericname(help)CS1maint:multiplenames:authorslist(link) ^Amber,Page,Melissa,Simmons(September2010)."MotivatingStudentsthroughPowerandChoice".EnglishJournal.100(1):65–69.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:multiplenames:authorslist(link) Brinton,D.(2003).Content-basedinstruction.InD.Nunan(Ed.),PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching(pp. 199–224).NewYork:McGrawHill. Brinton,D.M.,Snow,M.A.,&Wesche,M.B.(1989).Content-basedsecondlanguageinstruction.NewYork:NewburyHouse. Grabe,W.,&Stoller,F.L.(1997).Content-basedinstruction:Researchfoundations.InM.A.Snow,&D.M.Brinton(Eds.),Thecontent-basedclassroom:Perspectivesonintegratinglanguageandcontent(pp. 5–21).NY:Longman. Littlewood,W.(1981).Communicativelanguageteaching:Anintroduction.CambridgeUniversityPress. Snow,M.A.(2001).Content-basedandimmersionmodelsforsecondandforeignlanguageteaching.InM.Celce-Murcia(Ed.),TeachingEnglishasaSecondorForeignLanguage(3rded.)(pp. 303–318).Boston,MA:Heinle&Heinle. Snow,M.A.,&Brinton,D.M.(Eds.).(2017).Thecontent-basedclassroom:Newperspectivesonintegratinglanguageandcontent(2nded.).AnnArbor,MI:UniversityofMichiganPress. Externallinks[edit] BritishCouncil,BBC:teachingEnglish NFLCReport TheoryofContentBasedInstruction Content-BasedInstructioninEnglishasaForeignLanguageContext vteLanguageeducationMethodology Audio-lingualmethod AutomaticLanguageGrowth Communicativelanguageteaching Comprehensionapproach Communitylanguagelearning Computer-assistedlanguagelearning Content-basedinstruction DirectMethod Dogmelanguageteaching FocalSkills Grammar–translationmethod Languageimmersion Lexicalapproach MichelThomasMethod Naturalapproach Silentway Suggestopedia Task-basedlanguagelearning Totalphysicalresponse TPRStorytelling Vocabularydevelopment Wholelanguage Teachingtechniques Mothertonguemirroring Sandwichtechnique Back-chaining Dictogloss Informationgap Keyconcepts Bilingualdictionary Criticalperiodhypothesis Englishasalinguafranca Interlanguage Languagetransfer Second-languageacquisition WorldEnglishes Assessment Languageassessment Washbackeffect Correctivefeedback Competencyevaluation DIALANG IELTS TOEFL TOEIC UCLES Programsandorganizations Englishasasecondorforeignlanguage Englishforspecificpurposes TESOL Keypeople BettyAzar H.DouglasBrown PitCorder JimCummins RodEllis StephenKrashen ScottThornbury Statistics ListofcountrieswhereEnglishisanofficiallanguage ListofcountriesbyEnglish-speakingpopulation MostcommonlylearnedforeignlanguagesintheU.S. EFEnglishProficiencyIndex Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Content-based_instruction&oldid=1054379375" Categories:Language-teachingmethodologyHiddencategories:CS1errors:genericnameCS1maint:multiplenames:authorslist Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages Euskaraفارسی Editlinks