Chauvet Cave - Wikipedia

The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave (French: Grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, French pronunciation: ​[ɡʁɔt ʃovɛ pɔ̃ daʁk]) in the Ardèche department of southeastern ... ChauvetCave FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Frenchcavewithprehistoricpaintings Chauvet-Pont-d'ArcCaveUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteLocationArdèche,FranceCriteriaI,III,V,VI,VII,VIII,XReference1426Inscription2014(38thSession)Area9haBuffer zone1,353haWebsitearcheologie.culture.fr/chauvet/enCoordinates44°23′15″N4°24′51″E/44.38750°N4.41417°E/44.38750;4.41417Coordinates:44°23′15″N4°24′51″E/44.38750°N4.41417°E/44.38750;4.41417LocationinFrance TheChauvet-Pont-d'ArcCave(French:GrotteChauvet-Pontd'Arc,Frenchpronunciation: ​[ɡʁɔtʃovɛpɔ̃daʁk])intheArdèchedepartmentofsoutheasternFranceisacavethatcontainssomeofthebest-preservedfigurativecavepaintingsintheworld,[1]aswellasotherevidenceofUpperPaleolithiclife.[2]ItislocatednearthecommuneofVallon-Pont-d'ArconalimestonecliffabovetheformerbedoftheriverArdèche,intheGorgesdel'Ardèche. DiscoveredonDecember18,1994,itisconsideredoneofthemostsignificantprehistoricartsitesandtheUN’sculturalagencyUNESCOgranteditWorldHeritagestatusonJune22,2014.[3] Thecavewasfirstexploredbyagroupofthreespeleologists:ElietteBrunel-Deschamps,ChristianHillaire,andJean-MarieChauvetforwhomitwasnamedsixmonthsafteranaperturenowknownas"LeTroudeBaba"("Baba'sHole")wasdiscoveredbyMichelRosa(Baba).[4]Atalaterdatethegroupreturnedtothecave.Anothermemberofthisgroup,MichelChabaud,alongwithtwoothers,travelledfurtherintothecaveanddiscoveredtheGalleryoftheLions,theEndChamber.Chauvethashisowndetailedaccountofthediscovery.[5]Inadditiontothepaintingsandotherhumanevidence,theyalsodiscoveredfossilizedremains,prints,andmarkingsfromavarietyofanimals,someofwhicharenowextinct. FurtherstudybyFrencharchaeologistJeanClotteshasrevealedmuchaboutthesite.Thedateshavebeenamatterofdisputebutastudypublishedin2012supportsplacingtheartintheAurignacianperiod,approximately32,000–30,000yearsago.Astudypublishedin2016usingadditional88radiocarbondatesshowedtwoperiodsofhabitation,one37,000to33,500yearsagoandthesecondfrom31,000to28,000yearsago,withmostoftheblackdrawingsdatingtotheearlierperiod. Contents 1Features 2Paintings 3Dating 4Preservation 5Seealso 6References 6.1Bibliography 7Externallinks Features[edit] ThecaveissituatedabovethepreviouscourseoftheArdèchebeforethePontd'Arcopenedup.ThegorgesoftheArdècheregionarethesiteofnumerouscaves,manyofthemhavingsomegeologicalorarchaeologicalimportance. Basedonradiocarbondating,thecaveappearstohavebeenusedbyhumansduringtwodistinctperiods:theAurignacianandtheGravettian.[6]Mostoftheartworkdatestotheearlier,Aurignacian,era(32,000to30,000yearsago).ThelaterGravettianoccupation,whichoccurred27,000to25,000yearsago,leftlittlebutachild'sfootprints,thecharredremainsofancienthearths,[7]andcarbonsmokestainsfromtorchesthatlitthecaves.Thefootprintsmaybetheoldesthumanfootprintsthatcanbedatedaccurately.Afterthechild'svisittothecave,evidencesuggeststhatduetoalandslidewhichcovereditshistoricalentrance,thecaveremaineduntoucheduntilitwasdiscoveredin1994.[8] Thesoft,clay-likefloorofthecaveretainsthepawprintsofcavebearsalongwithlarge,roundeddepressionsthatarebelievedtobethe"nests"wherethebearsslept.Fossilizedbonesareabundantandincludetheskullsofcavebearsandthehornedskullofanibex.[9]Paw-printsdatedto26,000YBParesuggestedasbeingthoseofadog,howeverthesehavebeenchallengedasbeingleftbyawolf.[10] Paintings[edit] ReplicaofpaintingsintheChauvetCave Imageofsteppewisent(Bisonpriscus).PaintingsintheChauvetCaveonpoststampofRomania2001 Replicaofpaintingoflions Agroupofrhinos Paintingofdeer Hundredsofanimalpaintingshavebeencatalogued,depictingatleast13differentspecies,includingsomerarelyorneverfoundinothericeagepaintings.RatherthandepictingonlythefamiliarherbivoresthatpredominateinPaleolithiccaveart,i.e.horses,aurochs,mammoths,etc.,thewallsoftheChauvetCavefeaturemanypredatoryanimals,e.g.,cavelions,leopards,bears,andcavehyenas.Therearealsopaintingsofrhinoceroses.[11] Typicalofmostcaveart,therearenopaintingsofcompletehumanfigures,althoughthereisonepartial"Venus"figurecomposedofwhatappearstobeavulvaattachedtoanincompletepairoflegs.AbovetheVenus,andincontactwithit,isabisonhead,whichhasledsometodescribethecompositedrawingasaMinotaur.[12]Thereareafewpanelsofredochrehandprintsandhandstencilsmadebyblowingpigmentoverhandspressedagainstthecavesurface.Abstractmarkings—linesanddots—arefoundthroughoutthecave.Therearealsotwounidentifiableimagesthathaveavaguelybutterflyoravianshapetothem.Thiscombinationofsubjectshasledsomestudentsofprehistoricartandculturestobelievethattherewasaritual,shamanic,ormagicalaspecttothesepaintings.[13] Onedrawing,lateroverlaidwithasketchofadeer,isreminiscentofavolcanospewinglava,similartotheregionalvolcanoesthatwereactiveatthetime.Ifconfirmed,thiswouldrepresenttheearliestknowndrawingofavolcaniceruption.[14] Theartistswhoproducedthesepaintingsusedtechniquesrarelyfoundinothercaveart.Manyofthepaintingsappeartohavebeenmadeonlyafterthewallswerescrapedclearofdebrisandconcretions,leavingasmootherandnoticeablylighterareauponwhichtheartistsworked.Similarly,athree-dimensionalqualityandthesuggestionofmovementareachievedbyincisingoretchingaroundtheoutlinesofcertainfigures.Theartisalsoexceptionalforitstimeforincluding"scenes",e.g.,animalsinteractingwitheachother;apairofwoollyrhinoceroses,forexample,areseenbuttinghornsinanapparentcontestforterritoryormatingrights.[15] Dating[edit] Thecavecontainssomeoftheoldestknowncavepaintings,basedonradiocarbondatingof"blackfromdrawings,fromtorchmarksandfromthefloors",accordingtoJeanClottes.Clottesconcludesthatthe"datesfallintotwogroups,onecentredaround27,000–26,000 BPandtheotheraround32,000–30,000 BP."[2]Asof1999,thedatesof31samplesfromthecavehadbeenreported.Theearliest,sampleGifa99776from"zone10",datesto32,900 ± 490 BP.[16] Somearchaeologistshavequestionedthesedates.ChristianZüchner,relyingonstylisticcomparisonswithsimilarpaintingsatotherwell-datedsites,expressedtheopinionthattheredpaintingsarefromtheGravettianperiod(c.28,000–23,000 BP)andtheblackpaintingsarefromtheEarlyMagdalenianperiod(earlypartofc.18,000–10,000 BP).[17]PettittandBahnalsocontendedthatthedatingisinconsistentwiththetraditionalstylisticsequenceandthatthereisuncertaintyaboutthesourceofthecharcoalusedinthedrawingsandtheextentofsurfacecontaminationontheexposedrocksurfaces.[18][19][20]StylisticstudiesshowedthatsomeGravettianengravingsaresuperimposedonblackpaintingsprovingthepaintings'olderorigins.[21] By2011,morethan80radiocarbondateshadbeentaken,withsamplesfromtorchmarksandfromthepaintingsthemselves,aswellasfromanimalbonesandcharcoalfoundonthecavefloor.TheradiocarbondatesfromthesesamplessuggestthatthereweretwoperiodsofcreationinChauvet:35,000yearsagoand30,000yearsago.[22]ThiswouldplacetheoccupationandpaintingofthecavewithintheAurignacianperiod. AresearcharticlepublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesinMay2012byscientistsfromtheUniversityofSavoy,Aix-MarseilleUniversityandtheCentreNationaldePrehistoireconfirmedthatthepaintingswerecreatedbypeopleintheAurignacianera,between30,000and32,000yearsago.Theresearchers’findingsarebasedontheanalysisusinggeomorphologicaland36Cldatingoftherockslidesurfacesaroundwhatisbelievedtobethecave’sonlyentrance.Theiranalysisshowedthattheentrancewassealedbyacollapsingcliffsome29,000yearsago.Theirfindingsputthedateofhumanpresenceinthecaveandthepaintingsinlinewiththatdeducedfromradiocarbondating,i.e.,between32,000–30,000years BP.[23][24] A2016studyinthesamejournalexamining259radiocarbondates,someunpublishedbefore,concludedthatthereweretwophasesofhumanoccupation,onerunningfrom37,000to33,500yearsagoandthesecondfrom31,000to28,000yearsago.Allbuttwoofthedatesfortheblackdrawingswerefromtheearlierphase.Theauthorsbelievethatthefirstphaseendedwitharockfallthatsealedthecave,withtwomorerockfallsattheendofthesecondoccupationphaseafterwhichnohumansorlargeanimalsenteredthecaveuntilitwasrediscovered.[25]InanemailtotheLosAngelesTimestwooftheauthorsexplained, Ahumangroup(bandortribe)visitedtheChauvetcaveduringthefirstperiodaround36,000yearsagoforculturalpurposes.Theyproducedblackdrawingsofhugemammals.Then,severalthousandsofyearsafter,anothergroupfromanotherplacewithanotherculturevisitedthecave.[26] In2020,researchersusedthenewIntCal20radiocarboncalibrationcurvetoestimatethattheoldestpaintinginthecavewascreated36,500yearsago.[27] InparallelwiththedatingcarriedoutinChauvetcaveitself,from2008onwards,severalmembersofthescientificteaminchargeofstudyingthecaveundertookchronologicalresearchinotherrockartsitesalongtheArdècherivergorgesunderthedirectionofJulienMonney.[28]IttookplaceatPointscave(Aiguèze;Gard;France),whichpresentsflagranticonographicsimilaritieswithChauvetcave,[29]butalsoatDeux-Ouverturescave.[30]Underthenameof"DatationGrottesOrnées"(orDGO)project,thisresearchisintendedtodeterminethecontextinwhichtherockartcavesoftheregionwerevisited.TheDGOprojectproposestodiscusstheapparentchronologicalandiconographicexceptionalityofChauvetcave"fromtheoutside"byplacingitwithinaregionalensemble.Thisresearchisstillinprogress(2020).However,ithasalreadyproducedmanyresultsindirectlyconcerningthechronologyofChauvetcave.[31][32][33] Cavehyena(Crocutacrocutaspelaea)painting Preservation[edit] Thecavehasbeensealedofftothepublicsince1994.AccessisseverelyrestrictedowingtotheexperiencewithdecoratedcavessuchasAltamiraandLascauxfoundinthe19thand20thcentury,wheretheadmissionofvisitorsonalargescaleledtothegrowthofmoldonthewallsthatdamagedtheartinplaces.In2000thearchaeologistandexpertoncavepaintingsDominiqueBaffierwasappointedtooverseeconservationandmanagementofthecave.Shewasfollowedin2014byMarieBardisa. CaverneduPont-d'Arc,(GrotteChauvet2),afacsimileofChauvetCaveonthemodeloftheso-called"FauxLascaux",wasopenedtothegeneralpublicon25April2015.[34]Itisthelargestcavereplicaeverbuiltworldwide,tentimesbiggerthantheLascauxfacsimile.Theartisreproducedfull-sizeinacondensedreplicaoftheundergroundenvironment,inacircularbuildingaboveground,afewkilometresfromtheactualcave.[35]Visitors’sensesarestimulatedbythesamesensationsofsilence,darkness,temperature,humidityandacoustics,carefullyreproduced.[36] Seealso[edit] Paintingportal ArtoftheUpperPaleolithic CaveofForgottenDreams,a2010documentaryfilmaboutChauvetCavebyWernerHerzog ColiboaiaCaveinRomania,where35–32,000-year-oldfiguresweredrawnusingasimilartechnique[37] ListofStoneAgeart References[edit] ^UNESCO.[1],June2014. ^abClottes(2003b),p.214. ^France24."UNESCOgrantsheritagestatustoprehistoricFrenchcave"Archived2018-01-07attheWaybackMachine,June2014. ^Hammer,Joshua(April2015)."Finally,theBeautyofFrance'sChauvetCaveMakesitsGrandPublicDebut".Smithsonian.SmithsonianInstitution.Retrieved20August2018. ^Chauvet,Jean-Marie;Deschamps,ElietteBrunel;Hillaire,Christian;Clottes,Jean;Bahn,Paul(1996).Dawnofart :theChauvetCave :theoldestknownpaintingsintheworld.NewYork:H.N.Abrams.ISBN 0-8109-3232-6. ^SeethesectiononDating. ^Ferrier,Catherine;Debard,Évelyne;Kervazo,Bertrand;Brodard,Aurélie;Guibert,Pierre;Baffier,Dominique;Feruglio,Valérie;Gély,Bernard;Geneste,Jean-Michel;Maksud,Frédéric(2014-12-28)."HeatedwallsofthecaveChauvet-Pontd'Arc(Ardèche,France):characterizationandchronology".PALEO.Revued'archéologiepréhistorique(25):59–78.doi:10.4000/paleo.3009.ISSN 1145-3370.Retrieved2019-10-25. ^Curtis,Gregory(2006).TheCavePainters:ProbingtheMysteriesoftheWorld'sFirstArtists.NewYork:Knopf,pp.215–16. ^"SmithsonianMagazine,December2010".Smithsonianmag.com.2017-06-21.Retrieved2018-01-31. ^Thalmann,O.;Shapiro,B.;Cui,P.;Schuenemann,V.J.;Sawyer,S.K.;Greenfield,D.L.;Germonpré,M.B.;Sablin,M.V.;López-Giráldez,F.;Domingo-Roura,X.;Napierala,H.;Uerpmann,H-P.;Loponte,D.M.;Acosta,A.A.;Giemsch,L.;Schmitz,R.W.;Worthington,B.;Buikstra,J.E.;Druzhkova,A.S.;Graphodatsky,A.S.;Ovodov,N.D.;Wahlberg,N.;Freedman,A.H.;Schweizer,R.M.;Koepfli,K.-P.;Leonard,J.A.;Meyer,M.;Krause,J.;Pääbo,S.;Green,R.E.;Wayne,RobertK.(15November2013)."CompleteMitochondrialGenomesofAncientCanidsSuggestaEuropeanOriginofDomesticDogs".Science.342(6160):871–874.Bibcode:2013Sci...342..871T.doi:10.1126/science.1243650.PMID 24233726.S2CID 1526260.referSupplementarymaterialPage27TableS1 ^Adams,Laurie(2011).ArtAcrossTime(4th ed.).Mc-GrawHill.p. 34. ^Thurman,Judith(23June2008)."FirstImpressions:Whatdoestheworld'soldestartsayaboutus?".TheNewYorkerMagazine. ^See,forexample,Lewis-Williams(2002). ^Callaway,Ewen(15January2016)."'Caveofforgottendreams'mayholdearliestpaintingofvolcaniceruption".Nature.doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19177.S2CID 189976837. ^Fritz,Carole;Tosello,Gilles(2007-02-21)."TheHiddenMeaningofForms:MethodsofRecordingPaleolithicParietalArt".JournalofArchaeologicalMethodandTheory.SpringerScienceandBusinessMediaLLC.14(1):48–80.doi:10.1007/s10816-007-9027-3.ISSN 1072-5369.S2CID 144998541. ^Clottes(2003b),p.33.SeealsoChauvet(1996),p.131,forachronologyofdatesfromvariouscaves.Bahn'sforewordandClottes'epiloguetoChauvet(1996)discussdating. ^Züchner,Christian(September1998)."GrotteChauvetArchaeologicallyDated".CommunicationattheInternationalRockArtCongressIRAC´98.Retrieved2014-12-05.Clottes(2003b),pp.213–14,hasaresponsebyClottes. ^Pettitt,Paul;PaulBahn(March2003)."CurrentproblemsindatingPalaeolithiccaveart:CandamoandChauvet".Antiquity.77(295):134–41.doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061421. ^Pettitt,P.(2008)."ArtandtheMiddle-to-UpperPaleolithictransitioninEurope:CommentsonthearchaeologicalargumentsforanearlyUpperPaleolithicantiquityoftheGrotteChauvetart".JournalofHumanEvolution,2008Aug2.(abstract) ^Bahn,P.,P.PettittandC.Züchner,"TheChauvetConundrum:Areclaimsforthe'birthplaceofart'premature?"inAnEnquiringMind:StudiesinHonorofAlexanderMarshack(ed.P.Bahn),Oxford2009,pp.253–78. ^Guy,Emmanuel(2004).TheGrotteChauvet:acompletelyhomogeneousart?Archived2014-07-30attheWaybackMachine,paleoesthetique.com,February2004. ^"AChauvetPrimer".Archaeology.64(2):39.March–April2011. ^AgenceFrance-Presse(May7,2012)."Francecaveartgivesglimpseintohumanlife40,000yearsago".NationalPost.RetrievedMay8,2012. ^Sadier,Benjamin;Delannoy,Jean-Jacques;Benedetti,Lucilla;Bourles,Didier;Jaillet,Stephane;Geneste,Jean-Michel;Lebatard,Anne-Elisabeth;Arnold,Maurice(2012)."FurtherconstraintsontheChauvetcaveartworkelaboration".ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.109(21):8002–6.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118593109.PMC 3361430.PMID 22566649. ^AnitaQuiles,HélèneValladas,HervéBocherens,EmmanuelleDelqué-Kolic,EvelyneKaltnecker,JohannesvanderPlicht,Jean-JacquesDelannoy,ValérieFeruglio,CaroleFritz,JulienMonney,MichelPhilippe,GillesTosello,JeanClottes,andJean-MichelGeneste "Ahigh-precisionchronologicalmodelforthedecoratedUpperPaleolithiccaveofChauvet-Pontd’Arc,Ardèche,France"PNAS2016113(17)4670–75;doi:10.1073/pnas.1523158113[2] ^Netburn,Deborah(December2016)."Chauvetcave:Themostaccuratetimelineyetofwhousedthecaveandwhen".LosAngelesTimes.Retrieved22December2016. ^Turney,Chris;Hogg,Alan;Reimer,PaulaJ.;Heaton,Tim(13August2020)."Fromcavearttoclimatechaos:Howanewcarbondatingtimelineischangingourviewofhistory".Phys.org.Retrieved13August2020. ^Monney,Julien(2018)."LagrotteauxPointsd'Aiguèze,petitesoeurdelagrotteChauvetetlesrecherchesmenéesdanslecadreduprojet"DatationGrottesOrnées"".Karstologia.72:1–12.ISSN 0751-7688. ^Monney,Julien(2018)."L'artpariétalpaléolithiquedelagrotteauxPointsd'Aiguèze :définitiond'undispositifpariétalsingulieretdiscussiondesesimplications".Karstologia.72:45–60.ISSN 0751-7688. ^Monney,Julien(2010)."LagrottedesDeux-Ouvertures :Leregardetlamémoire".ArdècheArchéologie.27:3–12. ^Monney,Julien(2014)."Nouveauxélémentsdediscussionchronologiquedanslepaysagedesgrottesornéesdel'Ardèche:Oulen,ChabotetTête-du-Lion".Paléo:271–283.ISSN 1145-3370. ^Monney,Julien(2014)."LagrottedesDeux-OuverturesàSaint-Martin-d'Ardèche:approcheschronométriquescroiséesdelamiseenplacedumassifstalagmitique(U/Thet14CAMS):implicationsquantauxfréquentationshumainesdelacavitéetàlaprésenceursinedanslarégion".Paléo:41–50.ISSN 1145-3370. ^Condemi,Silvana;Voisin,Jean-Luc;Puymérail,Laurent;Monney,Julien;Philippe,Michel(2017-06-01)."LesresteshumainsdelagrotteornéepaléolithiquedesDeux-Ouvertures(Ardèche,France)".ComptesRendusPalevol.16(4):452–461.doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.02.001.ISSN 1631-0683. ^"ReplikderGrotteChauvetmitHöhlenmalereien".faz.net.Retrieved25April2015. ^"Chauvet-Pontd'Arccave,grandopening!".TRACCEOnlineRockArtBulletin.Retrieved8February2015. ^"Conservationofprehistoriccavesandstabilityoftheirinnerclimate:lessonsfromChauvetandotherFrenchcaves".BourgesF.,GenthonP.,GentyD.,LorblanchetM.,MauduitE.,D’HulstD.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment.Vol.493,15Sept.2014,pp.79–91doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.137. ^"DrawingPaleolithicRomania". Bibliography[edit] Chauvet,Jean-Marie;ElietteBrunelDeschamps;ChristianHillaire(1996).DawnofArt:TheChauvetCave.PaulG.Bahn(Foreword),JeanClottes(Epilogue).NewYork:HarryN.Abrams.ISBN 0-8109-3232-6.EnglishtranslationbyPaulG.BahnfromtheFrencheditionLaGrotteChauvet Clottes,Jean(2003a).ReturnToChauvetCave,ExcavatingtheBirthplaceofArt:TheFirstFullReport.Thames&Hudson.p. 232.ISBN 0-500-51119-5. Clottes,Jean(2003b).ChauvetCave:TheArtofEarliestTimes.PaulG.Bahn(translator).UniversityofUtahPress.ISBN 0-87480-758-1.TranslationofLaGrotteChauvet,l'artdesorigins,ÉditionsduSeuil,2001. Lewis-Williams,David(2002).TheMindintheCave.London:Thames&Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-28465-0. Clottes,Jean(August2001)."France'sMagicalIceAgeArt".NationalGeographic.200(2).(articleincludesmanyphotographs) Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoChauvetCave. TheCaveofChauvet-Pont-d'ArcFrenchMinistryofCultureinformationsite;includesaninteractivemapwithphotos. GoogleArts&CultureChauvetCaveChauvetCaveaccessiblethroughvirtualreality. http://archeologie.culture.fr/chauvet/en/explore-caveVirtualTourofthecave AncientGrandMasters:ChauvetCave,FranceAbriefarticlebyJeanClottesoftheFrenchMinistryofCulture,responsibleforoverseeingtheauthenticationofthecontentsandartofthecave Humphrey,Nicholas(1999)."CaveArt,Autism,andtheEvolutionoftheHumanMind"(PDF).JournalofConsciousnessStudies.6(6–7):116–23.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2013-07-29.WithresponsesbyPaulBahn,StevenMithen,etal. ChauvetCave(ca.30,000b.c.)ontheMetropolitanMuseumofArt'sTimelineofArtHistory DoubtCastonAgeofOldestHumanArtabstractofApril18,2003NewScientistarticlebyJennyHogan ChauvetCaveThecavepaintingsandrockartofChauvet,withcontributionsbyJeanClottes TheGrotteChauvet :acompletelyhomogeneousart? ChauvetcaveAnenthusiastsitewithphotographsandarticles. CaveofForgottenDreamsafilmbyWernerHerzogusing3Dtechnology Marshall,Michael."BearDNAiscluetoageofChauvetcaveart".NewScientist. Thurman,Judith(23June2008)."LetterfromSouthernFrance:FirstImpressions :TheNewYorker".newyorker.com.Retrieved6November2013. vtePrehistoriccavesites,rocksheltersandcavepaintings Paleoanthropologicalsites Cavepaintings Cavescontainingpictograms EuropeAustria Drachenhöhle Gudenus Lurgrotte Salzofen Tischofer Belgium Belle-Roche Claminforge Engis Goyet Naulette NeolithicflintminesofSpiennes Ramioul Scladina Spy Troudel’Abîme Bosnia Badanj Ledenjača Bulgaria BachoKiro Devetashka Kozarnika Magura UtrobaCave Croatia Grapčeva Krapina VelaSpila Vindija Romuald’sCave Veternica Cyprus Aetokremnos CzechRepublic Amatérská Býčískála Koněprusy Kůlna Mladeč Šipka Finland Wolf France VézèreValleyWorldHeritageSite BaraBahau Bernifal CapBlanc CastelMerle AbriCastanet Reverdit LesEyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil AbriAudi AbriChadourne LesCombarelles Cro-Magnon Font-de-Gaume Laugerie-Basse Laugerie-Haute LaMicoque LaMouthe Pataud AbriduPoisson Lascaux LaMadeleine Rouffignac OtherWorldHeritageSites Chauvet Othercaveswithdecoration Arcy-sur-Cure Gargas Cosquer Cussac Fontéchevade LaChaireaCalvin LaMarche Lombrives GrottedeGabillou Marsoulas LeMas-d'Azil Mayrièressupérieure Niaux Pair-non-Pair PechMerle Roc-aux-Sorciers Renne TroisFrères Villars Othercaves Arago Aurignac Azé Balauzière Bonne-Femme Bouillon Bruniquel Calès Cauna LaChapelle-aux-Saints CombeGrenal LaFerrassie Fées Fontbrégoua Lazaret LeMoustier Noisetier LaQuina Raymonden LeRegourdou Rochereil Vallonnet Germany CavesandIceAgeArtintheSwabianJuraWorldHeritageSite Bockstein Geissenklösterle HohleFels Hohlenstein-Stadel Sirgenstein Vogelherd Othercaves Baumann's Brillenhöhle KleineFeldhofer Lichtenstein Ofnet Gibraltar Devil'sTower Gorham's Vanguard Greece Alepotrypa Apidima Eileithyia Franchthi Kleidi Megalakkos Petralona Stravomyti Theopetra Hungary Baradla Szelim Italy Addaura AreneCandide BalziRossi Cavallo Corbeddu Deer Felci Paglicci Romito Villabruna Jersey StBrelade Luxembourg Loschbur Malta GħarDalam NorthMacedonia CocevKamen Norway Svarthola Poland Obłazowa Paradise Portugal Aroeira Escoural Furninha LagarVelho PalaPinta PedraFurada PegodoDiabo Salemas Romania Coliboaia Cuciulat Muierilor Oase Russia Akhshtyrskaya ChertovyVorota Denisova Ignatievka Kapova Mezmaiskaya Okladnikov Serbia Hadži-Prodan's Pešturina Risovača MalaBalanica Slovakia Čertovapec Domica Jasovská Slovenia Betal DivjeBabe Pekel Potok Spain CaveofAltamiraandPaleolithicCaveArtofNorthernSpainWorldHeritageSite Altamira CavesinCantabria Chufín Covalanas LaGarma HornosdelaPeña MonteCastillo ElCastillo LasChimeneas LasMonedas LaPasiega ElPendo TitoBustillo Altxerri Santimamiñe LosAviones RockartoftheIberianMediterraneanBasinWorldHeritageSite) Araña RocadelsMoros OtherWorldHeritageSites Atapuerca SiegaVerde Othercaveswithdecoration Bacinete BarrancdelMigdia LasCaldas LosCasares Maltravieso losMurciélagos Nerja Niño OjoGuareña PeñasdeCabrera laPileta Praileaitz Sidrón Othercaves Ángel Antón Armintxe Axlor Bedmar delsBous DonGaspar 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Nord-PasdeCalaisMiningBasin East GreatSaltworksofSalins-les-BainsandRoyalSaltworksofArc-et-Senans Nancy:PlaceStanislas,PlacedelaCarrièreandPlaced'Alliance Strasbourg:GrandeÎle,Neustadt PrehistoricpiledwellingsaroundtheAlps3 West AbbeyChurchofSaint-Savin-sur-Gartempe SouthWest Episcopalcity,Albi PortoftheMoon,Bordeaux PrehistoricsitesanddecoratedcavesoftheVézèrevalley Pyrénées–MontPerdu2 Saint-Émilion CentreEast ChaînedesPuys ChauvetCave Lyon Mediterranean RomanandRomanesquemonuments,Arles Carcassonnecitadel GulfofPorto:CalanchesdePiana,GulfofGirolata,ScandolaReserve Avignon:PapalPalace,EpiscopalEnsemble,AvignonBridge PontduGard Orange:RomanTheatreandenvirons,TriumphalArch Multipleregions TheArchitecturalWorkofLeCorbusier CanalduMidi FortificationsofVauban LoireValleybetweenSully-sur-LoireandChalonnes-sur-Loire RoutesofSantiagodeCompostelainFrance AncientandPrimevalBeechForestsoftheCarpathiansandOtherRegionsofEurope4 Overseasdepartmentsandterritories FrenchAustralLandsandSeas 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