China Burma India Theater - Wikipedia

China Burma India Theater (CBI) was the United States military designation during World War II for the China and Southeast Asian or India–Burma (IBT) ... ChinaBurmaIndiaTheater FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch U.S.militarydesignationduringWWIIforconflictsinEast,Southeast,andSouthAsia ChinaBurmaIndiaTheaterPartofWorldWarIIandPacificWarInsigniaoftheCBITheaterLocationChina,Burma,India(alsoThailand,FrenchIndochina) ChinaBurmaIndiaTheater(CBI)wastheUnitedStatesmilitarydesignationduringWorldWarIIfortheChinaandSoutheastAsianorIndia–Burma(IBT)theaters.OperationalcommandofAlliedforces(includingU.S.forces)intheCBIwasofficiallytheresponsibilityoftheSupremeCommandersforSouthEastAsiaorChina.However,USforcesinpracticewereusuallyoverseenbyGeneralJosephStilwell,theDeputyAlliedCommanderinChina;theterm"CBI"wassignificantinlogistical,materialandpersonnelmatters;itwasandiscommonlyusedwithintheUSforthesetheaters. U.S.andChinesefightingforcesintheCBIincludedtheChineseExpeditionaryForce,theFlyingTigers,[1]transportandbomberunitsflyingtheHump,includingtheTenthAirForce,the1stAirCommandoGroup,theengineerswhobuilttheLedoRoad,the5307thCompositeUnit(Provisional),popularlyknownas"Merrill'sMarauders",andthe5332dBrigade,Provisionalor'MarsTaskForce',whichassumedtheMarauders'mission. TheHimalayanSnooperwasaplaneusedtoflysuppliesintheCBITheater Contents 1U.S.strategyforChina 2Burma 3Alliedcommandstructure 3.1U.S.andAlliedlandforces 3.2U.S.ArmyandAlliedAirForces 3.2.1USAAFOrderofBattle 4Timeline 5Seealso 6References 6.1Citations 6.2Sources 7Furtherreading 7.1Historiography 8Externallinks U.S.strategyforChina[edit] JapanesepolicytowardsChinahadlongbeenasourceofinternationalcontroversy.WesternpowershadexploitedChinathroughtheopendoorpolicy,advocatedbyUnitedStatesdiplomatWilliamWoodvilleRockhill,whileJapanintervenedmoredirectly,creatingthepuppet-stateofManchukuo.By1937,Japanwasengagedinafull-scalewarofconquestinChina.TheinfamousRapeofNankinggalvanizedWesternopinionandledtodirectfinancialaidfortheKuomintang(Nationalists)andincreasingeconomicsanctionsagainstJapan. In1941,theU.S.madeaseriesofdecisionstosupportChinainitswarwithJapan:LendLeasesupplieswereprovidedafterPresidentFranklinD.RooseveltannouncedthedefenseofChinatobevitaltothedefenseoftheUnitedStates.Overthesummer,asJapanmovedsouthintoFrenchIndo-China,theU.S.,BritainandtheNetherlandsinstitutedanoilembargoonJapan,cuttingoff90%ofitssupplies.TheembargothreatenedtheoperationsoftheKwantungArmy,whichhadoveramillionsoldiersdeployedinChina.Japanrespondedwithatightlyco-ordinatedoffensiveon7/8December,simultaneouslyattackingPearlHarbor,thePhilippines,Malaya,Singapore,HongKong,Guam,WakeIsland,andThailand. JapancutoffAlliedsuppliestoChinathathadbeencomingthroughBurma.ChinacouldbesuppliedonlybyflyingovertheHimalayamountains("TheHump")fromIndia,[2]orcapturingterritoryinBurmaandbuildinganewroad—theLedoRoad.[3][4] Burma[edit] MerrillandStilwellmeetnearNaubumBurma. In1941and1942,Japanwasoverextended.Itsnavalbasecouldnotdefenditsconquests,anditsindustrialbasecouldnotstrengthenthenavy.TocutoffChinafromAlliedaid,itwentintoBurma,capturedRangoonon8March1942,cuttingtheBurmaRoadlifelinetoChina.MovingnorththeJapanesetookTounggoo,Burma,thencapturedLashioinupperBurmaon29April.TheBritish,primarilyconcernedwithIndia,lookedtoBurmaasthemaintheaterofactionagainstJapanandwantedChinesetroopstofightthere.[5]TheUnitedStatesconjuredupvisionsofmillionsofChinesesoldierswhowouldholdtheJapanesethenthrowthemback,whileprovidingclose-inairbasesforasystematicfirebombingofJapanesecities.TheoverlandsupplyroutefromIndiatoChinahadtogothroughBurma.ChineseNationalistleaderChiangKai-shekrealizeditwasallfantasy.Ontheotherhand,therewerevastsumsofAmericandollarsavailableifhecollaborated.Hedidsoandmanagedtofeedhisstarvingsoldiers,buttheyweresopoorlyequippedandledthatoffensiveoperationsagainsttheJapaneseinChinawereimpossible.However,ChiangdidreleasetwoChinesearmiesforactioninBurmaunderStilwell.TheyweresmashedbytheJapaneseandStilwell,onfoot,barelyescapedtoIndia;therecoveryofBurmaandconstructionoftheLedoRoadtosupplyChinaviaBurmabecameanobsessionforStilwell.[6] "OnApril14,1942,WilliamDonovan,asCoordinatorofInformation(forerunneroftheOfficeofStrategicServices),activatedDetachment101foractionbehindenemylinesinBurma.Thefirstunitofitskind,theDetachmentwaschargedwithgatheringintelligence,harassingtheJapanesethroughguerrillaactions,identifyingtargetsfortheArmyAirForcetobomb,andrescuingdownedAlliedairmen.BecauseDetachment101wasneverlargerthanafewhundredAmericans,itreliedonsupportfromvarioustribalgroupsinBurma.Inparticular,thevigorouslyanti-JapaneseKachinpeoplewerevitaltotheunit'ssuccess."[7]Detachment101'seffortsopenedthewayforStilwell'sChineseforces,Wingate'sRaiders,Merrill'sMarauders,andthecounter-attackagainsttheJapaneseImperiallife-line.[8] Alliedcommandstructure[edit] U.S.andAlliedlandforces[edit] ChineseM4A4ShermanintheCBIBattlefield USforcesintheCBIweregroupedtogetherforadministrativepurposesunderthecommandofGeneralJoseph"VinegarJoe"Stilwell.However,unlikeothercombattheaters,forexampletheEuropeanTheaterofOperations,theCBIwasnevera"theaterofoperations"anddidnothaveanoveralloperationalcommandstructure.InitiallyU.S.landunitsweresplitbetweenthosewhocameundertheoperationalcommandoftheIndiaCommandunderGeneralSirArchibaldWavell,astheCommander-in-ChiefinIndia,andthoseinChina,which(technicallyatleast)werecommandedbyGeneralissimoChiangKai-shek,[9]astheSupremeAlliedCommanderinChina.However,StilwelloftenbrokethechainofcommandandcommunicateddirectlywiththeUSJointChiefsofStaffonoperationalmatters.ThiscontinuedaftertheformationoftheSouthEastAsiaCommand(SEAC)andtheappointmentofAdmiralLordMountbattenasSupremeAlliedCommander. Whenjointalliedcommandwasagreedupon,itwasdecidedthattheseniorpositionshouldbeheldbyamemberoftheBritishmilitarybecausetheBritishdominatedAlliedoperationsontheSouth-EastAsianTheatrebyweightofnumbers(inmuchthesamewayastheUSdidinthePacificTheaterofOperations).AdmiralLordMountbattenwasappointedastheSupremeAlliedCommanderofSouth-EastAsiaforcesinOctober1943. Gen.Stilwell,whoalsohadoperationalcommandoftheNorthernCombatAreaCommand(NCAC),aUS-Chineseformation,wastoreportintheorytoGen.GeorgeGiffard–commanderofEleventhArmyGroup–sothatNCACandtheBritishFourteenthArmy,underthecommandofGeneralWilliamSlim,couldbeco-ordinated.However,inpractice,Gen.Stilwellneveragreedtothisarrangement.Stilwellwasabletodothisbecauseofhismultiplepositionswithincomplexcommandstructures,includingespeciallyhissimultaneouspositionsofDeputySupremeAlliedCommanderSouthEastAsia,andChiefofStafftoChineseleaderGeneralissimoChiangKai-shek.AsSEAC'sdeputyleader,StilwellwasGiffard'ssuperior,butasoperationalcommanderofNCAC,GiffardwasStilwell'ssuperior.Asthetwomendidnotgeton,thisinevitablyleadtoconflictandconfusion. Stilwell,however,bitterlyresisted[takingordersfromGiffard]...TowatchStilwell,whenhardpressed,shifthisoppositionfromoneoftheseveralstrong-pointsheheldbyvirtueofhisnumerousAllied,AmericanandChineseoffices,toanotherwasalessoninmobileoffensive-defence.— WilliamSlim[10] EventuallyataSEACmeetingtosortoutthechainofcommandforNCAC,Stilwellastonishedeveryonebysaying"IampreparedtocomeunderGeneralSlim'soperationalcontroluntilIgettoKamaing".[10]Althoughfarfromideal,thiscompromisewasaccepted.[10] AlthoughStilwellwasthecontrolandco-ordinatingpointforallcommandactivityinthetheater,hisassumptionofpersonaldirectionoftheadvanceoftheChineseLedoforcesintonorthBurmainlate1943meantthathewasoftenoutoftouchwithbothhisownheadquartersandwiththeoverallsituation.[9] Notuntillate1944,afterStilwellwasrecalledtoWashington,wasthechainofcommandclarified.Hisoverallrole,andtheCBIcommand,wasthensplitamongthreepeople:LtGen.RaymondWheelerbecameDeputySupremeAlliedCommanderSouthEastAsia;Major-GeneralAlbertWedemeyerbecameChiefofStafftoChiangKai-shek,andcommanderofUSForces,ChinaTheater(USFCT).LtGen.DanielSultanwaspromoted,fromdeputycommanderofCBItocommanderofUSForces,India–BurmaTheater(USFIBT)andcommanderoftheNCAC.The11thArmyGroupwasredesignatedAlliedLandForcesSouthEastAsia(ALFSEA),andNCACwasdecisivelyplacedunderthisformation.However,bythetimethelastphaseoftheBurmaCampaignbeganinearnest,NCAChadbecomeirrelevant,anditwasdissolvedinearly1945. U.S.ArmyandAlliedAirForces[edit] 1944ArmyAirForcesrecruitingadfeaturingtheFourteenthAirForce's341stBombardmentGroup(Medium) AfterconsultationamongtheAlliedgovernments,AirCommandSouth-EastAsiawasformedinNovember1943tocontrolallAlliedairforcesinthetheater,withAirChiefMarshalSirRichardPeirseasCommander-in-Chief.[11]UnderPeirse'sdeputy,USAAFMajorGeneralGeorgeE.Stratemeyer,EasternAirCommand(EAC)wasorganizedin1943tocontrolAlliedairoperationsinBurma,withheadquartersinCalcutta.[12]UnlikethestrainedrelationsandconfusionencounteredincoordinatingAlliedgroundforcecommands,airforceoperationsintheCBIproceededrelativelysmoothly.RelationsimprovedevenfurtherafternewU.S.militaryaidbeganarriving,togetherwithcapableUSAAFofficerssuchasBrigadierGeneralWilliamD.OldofCGITroopCarrierCommand,andColonelsPhilipCochranandJohnR.Alisonofthe1stAirCommandoGroup.[13]WithinEasternAirCommand,AirMarshalSirJohnBaldwincommandedtheThirdTacticalAirForce,originallyformedtoprovidecloseairsupporttotheFourteenthArmy.BaldwinwaslatersucceededbyAirMarshalSirAlecCoryton.U.S.Brigadier-GeneralHowardC.DavidsonandlaterAirCommodoreF.J.W.MellershcommandedtheStrategicAirForce.Inthenewcommand,variousunitsoftheRoyalAirForceandtheU.S.TenthAirForceworkedside-by-side.Intheautumnof1943SEAAChad48RAFand17USAAFsquadrons;bythefollowingMay,thefigureshadrisento64and28,respectively.[12] AtEasternAirCommand,Gen.StratemeyerhadastatuscomparabletothatofStilwell.[14]Coordinatingtheeffortsofthevariousalliedaircomponentswhilemaintainingrelationswithdiversecommandstructuresprovedadauntingtask.PartofStratemeyer'scommand,theTenthAirForce,hadbeenintegratedwiththeRAFThirdTacticalAirForceinIndiainDecember1943andwastaskedwithanumberofrolesinsupportofavarietyofalliedforces.Anothercomponent,theUSFourteenthAirForceinChina,wasunderthejurisdictionofGeneralissimoChiangKai-shekasChinatheatercommander.AlthoughtheIndia-ChinaDivisionoftheAAF'sAirTransportCommandreceiveditstonnageallocationsfromStratemeyerasStilwell'sdeputy,ICDreporteddirectlytoHeadquartersATCinWashington,D.C. Inthespringof1944,withthearrivalofcommandB-29sinthetheater,anotherfactorwouldbeaddedtoairforceoperations.XXBomberCommandoftheTwentiethAirForcewastaskedwiththestrategicbombingofJapanunderOperationMatterhorn,andreporteddirectlytotheJCSinWashington,D.C.However,XXBomberCommandremainedtotallydependentonEasternAirCommandforsupplies,bases,groundstaff,andinfrastructuresupport. Afteraperiodofreshuffling,EasternAirCommand'sairoperationsbegantoshowresults.InAugust1944,AdmiralMountbattennotedinapressconferencethatEACfightermissionshadpracticallyswepttheJapaneseairforcefromBurmeseskies.BetweentheformationofSEAACinNovember1943,andthemiddleofAugust1944,AmericanandBritishforcesoperatinginBurmadestroyedordamagedmorethan700Japaneseaircraftwithafurther100aircraftprobablydestroyed.[15]ThisachievementconsiderablyreduceddangerstoAirTransportCommandcargoplanesflyinginsupportoftheHumpairliftoperation.ByMay1944,EACresupplymissionsinsupportoftheAlliedgroundoffensivehadcarried70,000tonsofsuppliesandtransportedatotalof93,000men,including25,500casualtiesevacuatedfromthebattleareas.ThesefiguresdidnotincludetonnageflownintheHumpairliftmissionstoChina.[15] USAAFOrderofBattle[edit] TenthAirForce 1stAirCommandoGroup(1944–1945)Burma,India(B-25,P-51,P-47,C-47) 1stCombatCargoGroup(1944–1945)Burma,India,China(C-47,C-46). 2ndAirCommandoGroup(1944–1945)Burma,India(P-51,C-47) 3dCombatCargoGroup(1944–1945)Burma,India(C-47). 4thCombatCargoGroup(1944–1945)Burma,India(C-47,C-46). 7thBombardmentGroup(1942–1945)India(B-17,B-24). 12thBombardmentGroup(1944–1945)India(B-25). 33dFighterGroup(1944–1945)India(P-38,P-47) 80thFighterGroup(1943–1945)India,Burma(P-38,P-40,P-47) Transferredin1944toFourteenthAirForce: 311thFighterGroup(1943–1944)India,Burma(A-36,P-51) 341stBombardmentGroup(1943–1944)India,Burma(B-25) 443dTroopCarrierGroup(1944–1945)India(C-47/C-53) 426thNightFighterSquadron(1944)India(P-61) 427thNightFighterSquadron(1944)India(P-61) FourteenthAirForce 68thCompositeWing 23dFighterGroup(1942–1945)(P-40,P-51)FormerlyAmericanVolunteerGroup(AVG)"FlyingTigers". 69thCompositeWing 51stFighterGroup:1942–1945(P-40,P-38,P-51). 341stBombardmentGroup1944–1945(B-25). 312thFighterWing 33rdFighterGroup:1944(P-38,P-47). 81stFighterGroup:1944–1945(P-40,P-47). 311thFighterGroup:1944–1945(A-36,P-51). Chinese-AmericanCompositeWing(Provisional)(1943–1945) 3rdFighterGroup(Provisional)(P-40,P-51) 5thFighterGroup(Provisional)(P-40,P-51) 1stBombardmentGroup(Medium,Provisional)(B-25) Otherassignedunits: 402dFighterGroup:May–July1943.Assignedbutneverequipped. 476thFighterGroup:May–July1943.Assignedbutneverequipped. 308thBombardmentGroup:(B-24)March1943–February1945 FromTenthAirForcein1944–1945: 341stBombardmentGroup:(B-25)January1944–November1945 443dTroopCarrierGroup:(C-47/C-54)Aug–November1945 426thNightFighterSquadron:P-61)1944–1945 427thNightFighterSquadron:(P-61)1944–1945 TwentiethAirForce(AttachedToCBI1944–1945) XXBomberCommand(1944–45)(Kharagpur,India) 1stPhotoSquadron 58thBombardmentWing(Chakulia,Kharagpur,HijliAB,India)(B-29) 40thBombardmentGroup 444thBombardmentGroup 462dBombardmentGroup 468thBombardmentGroup TwentiethAirForceXXBomberCommand(XXBC)combatelementsmovedinthesummerof1944fromtheUnitedStatestoIndiawheretheyengagedinvery-long-rangeBoeingB-29SuperfortressbombardmentoperationsagainstJapan,Formosa,China,IndochinaandBurma.WhileinIndia,XXBCwassupportedlogisticallybyTenthAirForceandtheIndia-ChinaDivisionoftheAirTransportCommand.B-29groupsmovedtoWestField,Tinian,inearly1945. Timeline[edit] Thissectionisinlistformatbutmayreadbetterasprose.Youcanhelpbyconvertingthissection,ifappropriate.Editinghelpisavailable.(April2019) Early1942StilwellwaspromotedtolieutenantgeneralandtaskedwithestablishingtheCBI. 25February1942StilwellarrivedinIndiabywhichtimeSingaporeandBurmahadbothbeeninvadedbytheJapaneseArmy. 10March1942StilwellisnamedChiefofStaffofAlliedarmiesintheChinesetheatreofoperations. 19March1942Stilwell'scommandinChinaisextendedtoincludetheChinese5thand6thArmiesoperatinginBurmaafterChiangKai-shekgavehispermission. 20March1942ChinesetroopsunderStilwellengageJapaneseforcesalongtheSittangRiverinBurma. 9April1942ClaireChennaultinductedintoU.S.Armyasacolonel,bringingtheAVGFlyingTigerssquadronsunderStilwell'snominalauthority. 16April19427,000Britishsoldiers,and500prisonersandcivilianswereencircledbytheJapanese33rdDivisionatYenangyaung. 19April1942The113thRegimentoftheChineseExpeditionaryForce'sNew38thDivisionledbyGeneralSunLi-jenattackedanddefeatedtheencirclingJapanesetroopsrescuingtheencircledBritishtroopsandcivilians.ThisishistoricallycalledBattleofYenangyaung. 2May1942ThecommanderofAlliedforcesinBurma,GeneralHaroldAlexander,orderedageneralretreattoIndia.StilwelllefthisChinesetroopsandbeganthelongevacuationwithhispersonalstaff(hecalledita"walkout")toIndia. MostoftheChinesetroops,whoweresupposedtobeunderStilwell'scommand,weredesertedinBurmawithoutknowledgeoftheretreat.UnderChiangKai-shektheymadeahastyanddisorganisedretreattoIndia.SomeofthemtriedtoreturntoYunnanthroughremotemountainousforestsandoutofthese,atleasthalfdied. 24May1942StilwellarrivedinDelhi. NewDelhiandRamgarhbecamethemaintrainingcentreforChinesetroopsinIndia.ChiangKai-shekgaveStilwellcommandofwhatwasleftofthe22ndand38thDivisionsoftheChineseArmy. 1December1942BritishGeneralSirArchibaldWavell,asAlliedSupremeCommanderSouthEastAsia,agreedwithStilwelltomaketheLedoRoadanAmericanoperation.[16] August1943UScreatesajunglecommandounit,similartotheChindits,tobecommandedbyMajorGeneralFrankMerrill;itisinformallycalled"Merrill'sMarauders".[17] ExhaustionanddiseaseledtotheearlyevacuationofmanyChineseandAmericantroopsbeforethecomingassaultonMyitkyina.[18] 21DecemberStilwellassumeddirectcontrolofoperationstocaptureMyitkyina,havingbuiltupforcesforanoffensiveinNorthernBurma. 24February1944Merrill'sMarauders,attackedtheJapanese18thDivisioninBurma.ThisactionenabledStilwelltogaincontroloftheHakawingValley. 17May1944BritishgeneralSlimincommandoftheBurmaCampaignhandedcontroloftheChinditstoStilwell. 17May1944Chinesetroops,withthehelpofMerrill'sMarauders,capturedMyitkinaairfield. 3August1944MyitkinafelltotheAllies.TheMaraudershadadvanced750milesandfoughtinfivemajorengagementsand32skirmisheswiththeJapaneseArmy.Theylost700men,only1,300Maraudersreachedtheirobjectiveandofthese,679hadtobehospitalized.ThisincludedGeneralMerrillwhohadsufferedasecond-heartattackbeforegoingdownwithmalaria. Sometimebefore27August1944,Mountbattensupremealliedcommander(SEAC)orderedGeneralStilwelltoevacuateallthewoundedChindits. During1944theJapaneseinOperationIchi-GooverranUSairbasesineasternChina.ChiangKai-shekblamedStilwellfortheJapanesesuccess,andpressedtheUShighcommandtorecallhim. October1944RooseveltrecalledStilwell,whoserolewassplit(aswastheCBI): LieutenantGeneralRaymondWheelerbecameDeputySupremeAlliedCommanderSouthEastAsia. MajorGeneralAlbertWedemeyerbecameChiefofStafftoChiangKai-shekandcommanderoftheU.S.Forces,ChinaTheater(USFCT).[19] LieutenantGeneralDanielSultanwaspromotedfromdeputycommandertobecomecommanderofUSForcesIndia-BurmaTheater(USFIBT)andcommanderoftheNorthernCombatAreaCommand 12January1945,thefirstconvoyovertheLedoRoadof113vehiclesledbyGeneralPickfromLedoreachedKunming,Chinaon4February1945.Overthenextsevenmonths35,000tonsofsuppliesin5,000vehicleswerecarriedalongit.[5] Seealso[edit] WorldWarIIportal Japanportal Chinaportal Indiaportal India-ChinaDivision ChineseArmyinIndia Burmacampaign PhilipCochran TheDixieMission U.S.campaignsinWorldWarII–ChinaBurmaIndiaTheater OSSDetachment101 CharlesN.Hunter ChineseExpeditionaryForce(Burma) References[edit] Citations[edit] ^Rossi,J.R.(1998)."TheFlyingTigers–AmericanVolunteerGroup–ChineseAirForce".AVG. ^BlissK.Thorne,TheHump:TheGreatMilitaryAirliftofWorldWarII(1965) ^MichaelSchaller,TheU.S.CrusadeinChina,1938–1945(1982) ^BarbaraW.Tuchman,StilwellandtheAmericanExperienceinChina,1911–45(1971)ch10 ^abDonovanWebster,TheBurmaRoad:TheEpicStoryoftheChina–Burma–IndiaTheaterinWorldWarII(2003) ^Tuchman,StilwellandtheAmericanExperienceinChina,1911–45(1971)ch.12–14 ^CentralIntelligenceAgency.BehindJapaneseLinesinBurma:TheStuffofIntelligenceLegend(2001).Retrieved30May2012. ^Peers,WilliamR.andDeanBrelis.BehindtheBurmaRoad:TheStoryofAmerica’sMostSuccessfulGuerrillaForce.Boston:Little,Brown&Co.,1963,backcover. ^abChapterXIX:TheSecondFrontandtheSecondaryWarTheCBI:January–May1944.TheMountingoftheB-29OffensiveinMauriceMatloffReferencesPage442 ^abcSlim1956,pp. 205–207. ^L,Klemen(1999–2000)."AirChiefMarshalSirRichardEdmundCharlesPeirse".ForgottenCampaign:TheDutchEastIndiesCampaign1941–1942. ^abRollofHonour,BritainatWar,TheAirForcesinBurmahttp://www.roll-of-honour.org.uk/Cemeteries/Rangoon_Memorial/html/air_forces_in_burma.htm ^Masters,John.TheRoadPastMandalay,BantamPress(1979),pp.146–148and308–309 ^AirofAuthority–AHistoryofRAFOrganisation:OverseasCommands–Iraq,IndiaandtheFarEastArchived6August2008attheWaybackMachine ^abMountbatten,AdmiralLordLouis,AddresstothePress,August1944http://www.burmastar.org.uk/aug44mountbatten.htmArchived29September2008attheWaybackMachine ^AdrianFort,ArchibaldWavell:TheLifeandDeathoftheImperialServant(2009) ^EdwardYoung,Merrill'sMarauders(2009) ^assaultonMyitkyinatownArchived9June2007attheWaybackMachine ^Wedemeyer,AlbertC.(1958).WedemeyerReports!Autobiography. Sources[edit] Primarysources Matloff,Maurice(1990)[1959],Strategicplanningforcoalitionwarfare1943–1944,UnitedStatesArmyCenterofMilitaryHistory,LCCN 53-61477,archivedfromtheoriginalon15June2010,retrieved16July2010 Slim,William(1956),DefeatintoVictory,London:CassellafirsthandaccountbytheBritishcommander. Additionalsource (inChinese)寻找少校梅姆瑞 Furtherreading[edit] Bidwell,Shelford.TheChinditWar:Stilwell,Wingate,andtheCampaigninBurma,1944.(1979) Forbes,AndrewandHenley,David(2011).China'sAncientTeaHorseRoad.ChiangMai:CognoscentiBooks.ASIN B005DQV7Q2 Edwards,Roderick(2020).Should'veBeenWithMe:TheWilfredScullStory.UnitedStates:KDPBooks.ASIN B095BG9N18 Hogan,DavidW.India-Burma(1999)OfficialUSArmyhistorypamphlet.Ibiblio.orgonlineedition Kraus,TheresaL.ChinaOffensive(1999)BriefofficialUSArmyhistory;24ppIbiblio.orgonlineedition Latimer,Jon.Burma:TheForgottenWar.London:JohnMurray,2004. Morley,James,ed.TheFatefulChoice:Japan'sAdvanceintoSoutheastAsia,1939–1941.(1980). Lewin,Ronald.TheChief:FieldMarshalLordWavell,Commander-in-ChiefandViceroy,1939–1947.(1980). MacGarrigle,GeorgeL.CentralBurma(1999)OfficialUSArmyhistorypamphlet.Ibiblio.orgonlineedition Newell,ClaytonR.Burma,1942(1999)OfficialUSArmyhistorypamphlet.Ibiblio.orgonlineedition Peers,WilliamR.andDeanBrelis.BehindtheBurmaRoad:TheStoryofAmerica’sMostSuccessfulGuerrillaForce.Boston:Little,Brown&Co.,1963. Romanus,CharlesF.andRileySunderland.Stilwell'sMissiontoChina(1953)Ibiblio.orgonlineedition;Stilwell'sCommandProblems(1956)Ibiblio.orgonlineedition;andTimeRunsOutinCBI(1958)Ibiblio.orgonlineedition.OfficialU.S.Armyhistory Sherry,MarkD.ChinaDefensive,(1999)OfficialUSArmyhistorypamphletIbiblio.orgonlineedition Tuchman,Barbara.StilwellandtheAmericanExperienceinChina,1911–45.(1972)(TheBritisheditionistitledAgainsttheWind:StilwellandtheAmericanExperienceinChina1911–45,)excerptandtextsearch Webster,Donovan.TheBurmaRoad:TheEpicStoryoftheChina-Burma-IndiaTheaterinWorldWarII.(2003) Yu,Maochun.TheDragon'sWar:AlliedOperationsandtheFateofChina,1937–1947.(2006). Historiography[edit] Lee,Lloyd,ed.WorldWarIIinAsiaandthePacificandtheWar'saftermath,withGeneralThemes:AHandbookofLiteratureandResearch.(1998)onlineedition Resor,Eugene.TheChina-Burma-IndiaCampaign,1931–1945:HistoriographyandAnnotatedBibliography(1998)online Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoChinaBurmaIndiaTheater. CHINA-BURMA-INDIA–RememberingtheForgottenTheaterofWorldWarII CBIOrderofBattle:UnitLineagesandHistory RecordsofU.S.TheatersofWar,WorldWarII:332.3.2RecordsofHeadquartersU.S.ArmyForces,China-Burma-India(HQUSAFCBI) TheChina-Burma-IndiaTheater,threevolumesintheUnitedStatesArmyinWorldWarII:Reader'sGuideseries,bytheUnitedStatesArmyCenterofMilitaryHistory Burma,1942,apublicationoftheUnitedStatesArmyCenterofMilitaryHistory CentralBurma(29January–15July1945)Archived8July2011attheWaybackMachine,apublicationoftheUnitedStatesArmyCenterofMilitaryHistory India-Burma(2April1942–28January1945),apublicationoftheUnitedStatesArmyCenterofMilitaryHistory CrisisFleeting:OriginalReportsonMilitaryMedicineinIndiaandBurmaintheSecondWorldWar:OfficeoftheUSSurgeonGeneral:OfficeofMedicalHistory(USOMH) China-Burma-IndiaTheaterontheInternet—Listoflinks ForgottenWarriors:China-Burma-India OSSDetachment101inBurma Detachment101OfficeofStrategicServicesBurma-April14,1942toJuly12,1945"TheAmerican-KachinRangers" AnnalsoftheFlyingTigers AnimatedHistoryofTheBurmaCampaign NightFighterbyJRSmith Photographs 1943–1945BertKrawczykPhotosofChinaduringWorldWarII–UniversityofWisconsin-MilwaukeeLibrariesDigitalCollections Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_Theater&oldid=1067782249" Categories:20thcenturyinIndia20thcenturyinMyanmarChinainWorldWarIIJapaninWorldWarIIMilitaryhistoryofIndiaduringWorldWarIIMilitaryunitsandformationsoftheUnitedStatesArmyinWorldWarIISouth-EastAsiantheatreofWorldWarIIHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataUsedmydatesfromApril2017ArticlesneedingcleanupfromApril2019AllpagesneedingcleanupArticleswithsectionsthatneedtobeturnedintoprosefromApril2019ArticleswithChinese-languagesources(zh)CommonscategorylinkisonWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةفارسیFrançaisBahasaIndonesiaItalianoMagyarBahasaMelayuРусский中文 Editlinks