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Contributors: 醫學系小兒科. Keywords: 腦性麻痺 ... 而大腦深部白質軟化症(Periventricular leukomalacia;PVL)即為造成早產兒腦性麻痺的主因。

國立成功大學機構典藏:Item987654321/126187 English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Itemswithfulltext/Totalitems:107304/144661(74%) Visitors:16356743      OnlineUsers:33 RCVersion7.0©PoweredByDSPACE,MIT.EnhancedbyNTULibraryIRteam.ReEnhancedbyNCKULibraryIRteam. Scope AllofNCKUR CollegeofMedicine    DepartmentofPediatrics       --OtherReserachReport Tips:pleaseadd"doublequotationmark"forqueryphrasestogetpreciseresultspleasegotoadvancesearchforcomprehansiveauthorsearch Adv.Search Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer NCKUR > CollegeofMedicine > DepartmentofPediatrics > OtherReserachReport >  Item987654321/126187 Loading... Metadatanull DataExportasEndnoteRISformat DataExportasBibtexformat CitationInfomation Pleaseusethisidentifiertociteorlinktothisitem: http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/126187 Title: 活化PPAR-gamma對早產兒腦部白質傷害可提供多重性保護 OtherTitles: PPAR-gammaactivationprovidesmultipletargetprotectioninwhitematterinjuryofimmaturebrain Authors: 黃朝慶蔡曜聲 Contributors: 醫學系小兒科 Keywords: 腦性麻痺大腦深部白質軟化症CerebralpalsyPeriventricularleukomalacia Date: 2012 IssueDate: 2013-03-0413:57:05(UTC+8) Abstract: 研究顯示存活的早產兒中有相當高的比率罹患神經發育疾病。

其中,約有一成至兩成的倖存早產兒會患有僵直性腦性痲痹。

而大腦深部白質軟化症(Periventricularleukomalacia;PVL)即為造成早產兒腦性麻痺的主因。

在神經病理學上,大腦深部白質軟化症特徵為大腦白質深部的局部壞死及擴散性損傷。

大腦白質軟化症患者腦中常可發現大量活化的微神經膠細胞與大量的發炎細胞激素(像是甲型腫瘤壞死因子),這些發炎細胞激素會毒殺寡突觸膠細胞或是活化附近的免疫細胞使白質進一步惡化。

早產兒罹患大腦深部白質軟化症的細胞病理因素包括有:神經毒害物質穿過血管滲入深部白質;寡突觸膠前驅細胞的受傷;組織缺氧及發炎反應,其中缺氧跟發炎會導致全身及局部巨噬細胞或微神經膠細胞的活化。

雖然目前對於早產兒白質軟化症的病理學已相當了解,但是大腦深部白質軟化症的治療方法卻非常有限。

然而只有部份的早產兒會罹患大腦深部白質軟化症,故推測基因體學上的易感受性可能扮演十分重要的角色,但至今研究仍然尚未十分明朗。

因為發炎反應是導致早產兒腦部白質受傷的重要因素,因此體內的活化白血球在穿過血腦屏障進入腦部後,會造成白質受傷並增強受傷白質區域中innate及adaptive的免疫反應。

早產新生兒的血腦屏障比正常孩童效能較差,因此細胞激素容易造成血腦屏障的破壞。

而發育中腦血管的血腦屏障會在受到缺血缺氧/發炎時進一步被破壞,進而增加血管通透性,使微神經膠細胞在受傷的白質區域中活化。

因此,早產兒大腦深部白質軟化症最理想的治療方式是多面性保護,包括降低全身及局部發炎反應,以及保護未成熟的寡突觸膠細胞及血管內皮細胞。

Peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptor-gamma(PPAR-gamma)為一種細胞核內接受器的新陳代謝轉錄因子,會表現在內皮細胞、血管內的肌肉細胞和免疫細胞,而主要功能在調節醣類攝取、防止內皮細胞受傷,還有控制免疫細胞反應,例如:降低甲型腫瘤壞死因子的分泌。

在成鼠中風及神經退化的模式中,PPAR-gamma是很好的藥物標的,近來也用在髓鞘退化的疾病治療當中。

整體看來,PPAR-gamma促效劑可透過活化周邊(血管細胞及免疫細胞)及腦中的PPAR-gamma來達到神經保護的效果。

由於PPAR-gamma具有多重的作用機制,所以釐清PPAR-gamma如何在早產兒產生各種保護腦傷機制,將有助於使用PPAR-gamma藥物在早產兒白質軟化的治療。

在成人與成鼠的血漿中有許多由脂肪所分泌的脂聯素(adiponectin),其含量與體重成反比。

而adiponectin產生的機轉是因為PPAR-gammaligands與PPAR-gamma/RXRheterodimer形成複合物後,結合在adiponectin基因啟動子上的PPAR-responsiveelement來增加其表現。

PPAR-gamma會藉由增加血液中的adiponectin含量來達到促進胰島素易感性的機轉,而adiponectin則會透過作用在腦部來影響能量跟葡萄糖的代謝。

此外,adiponectin也會透過訊息傳遞方式來降低內皮細胞、巨噬細胞與心肌細胞在許多刺激引起的發炎反應。

因此人體的胰島素易感性、發炎、心血管疾病、新陳代謝與中風目前被認為與adiponectin是具有關聯性的。

早產兒血漿內所含的adiponectin含量遠比足月產的低了許多,然而罹患白質深部軟化症的早產兒臍帶血內的adiponectin是否較正常早產兒來的少以及adiponectin是否可以保護早產兒白質受傷目前仍不清楚。

根據所述,我們假設活化PPAR-gamma/adiponectin可以對發炎/缺氧缺血所引起的白質受傷早產兒提供保護的機制,並可以成為臨床上的藥物標的。

因此,本四年研究目的主要想了解激活PPAR-gamma/adiponectin是否可以對於早產兒在遭受發炎/缺氧所造成的腦部白質受傷時產生保護。

此外,我們也想了解臍帶血中adiponectin之濃度及PPAR-gamma/adiponectin的基因多型性在早產兒中是否與大腦深部白質軟化症的罹患率以及嚴重度有關。

我們的研究成果將可以提供有關在早產兒中PPAR-gamma/adiponectin系統與大腦白質受傷之間的關聯性,以藥物激發PPAR-gamma/adiponectin之特定路徑將對早產兒大腦深部白質軟化症的治療提供一個新方向,還可以藉由基因多型性來促進鑑別出容易罹患大腦深部白質軟化症的早產兒。

Follow-upstudieshaverevealedahighrateofneurodevelopmentaldisabilityamongpreterminfantswhosurvive.Spasticmotordeficits,commonlyreferredtoasspasticcerebralpalsy(CP),developin10-20%ofthepretermsurvivors.Periventricularleukomalacia(PVL)isthemajorformofbraininjury,andalsotheleadingcauseofspasticCPinpreterminfants.TheneuropathologyofPVLreferstodevelopmentoffocalnecrosisanddiffuselesionswithinthedeepcerebralwhitematter,andthemarkedpresenceofactivatedmicrogliathatisfullycapableofproducingtoxicpro-inflammatorycytokines,suchasTNF-alpha,whichdirectlycausesoligodendroglialcellsdeath,oractivateotherimmunecellsnearbyandexacerbateswhitematterlesion.ThepathogenesisfactorsforPVLinpreterminfantsinclude:immaturevascularfactorsthatfurtherleadtotheleakageofneurotoxicsubstancesacrossthebloodvesselsduringinjury;vulnerabilityofpreoligodendrocytes;andhypoxiaandinflammation,bothofwhichelicitsystemicandlocalmacrophage/microglialactivation.DespiteconsiderableadvancesintheunderstandingofthepathophysiologyofPVL,therapeuticoptionsforPVLareverylimitedandthegeneticsusceptibilityofPVLinpreterminfantsisunknown.SinceinflammationhasbeenoneimportantetiologicfactorofwhitematterdamageacquiredduringearlydevelopmentthatgivesrisetoCP,whitematterdamagemightberesultedfromtherecruitmentofactivatedperipheralleukocytespassingthroughthedamagedblood-brainbarrier(BBB)intothebrainwhichintensifiestheinteractionsbetweeninnateandadaptiveimmuneresponsesintheinjuredwhitematterarea.Inprematureinfants,theBBBismuchlesseffectivethanthatinchildren,andthecytokine-BBBinteractionsmightleadtoBBBdamage.ThelimitedBBBpropertiesofthedevelopingcerebrovasculaturemaybefurtherdisruptedduringhypoxic-ischemiaorinflammation,whichfurtherincreasesthevascularpermeabilityandcontributestopathologicalmicroglialactivationinaffectedwhitematterareas.Therefore,theoptimaltherapeuticoptionsforPVLinpreterminfantsrequiremultiplefacetsthattargetnotonlyontheattenuationofsystemicandlocalinflammatoryresponsesbutalsoontheprotectionofthevascularendothelialcells.Thenuclearreceptorperoxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptor-gamma(PPAR-gamma)hasemergedasakeytranscriptionalregulatorofmetabolism,andisinvolvedintheregulationofcellularglucoseuptake,protectionagainstendothelialcelldamage,andcontrolofimmunecellreactions.PPAR-gammaisexpressedinendothelium,vascularmuscle,andcellsoftheinnateimmunesystem,anditsactivationdownregulatesthesecretionofTNF-alpha.PPAR-gammaisapowerfulpharmacologicaltargetforcounteractingstrokeandneurodegenerationinadultrats,andalsobecomeanewpharmacologictargetindemyelinatingdiseases.Overall,theeffectiveneuroprotectionbyPPAR-gammaagonistsisprobablyduetothecombinedtargetingofperipheral(vascular,andimmunologic)andbrainPPAR-gammareceptors.ItisevidentthatPPAR-gammaactsthroughadiverserangeofmechanisms,andunravelingthecelltypespecificactionsandthemechanismssubservingitseffectsinthePVLofpreterminfantsisofclinicalimportance.Adiponectinisanabundantplasmaproteinsecretedfromadiposetissues,andisinverselyassociatedwithbodymassindexinadulthumansandanimals.TheexpressionoftheadiponectingeneisinducedandmaintainedbyPPAR-gammaligandsviadirectbindingofthePPAR-gamma/RXRheterodimertothePPAR-responsiveelementintheadiponectinpromoter.InductionofincreaseincirculatingadiponectinlevelsrepresentsanovelpotentialmechanismforPPAR-gamma-mediatedenhancementofinsulinsensitivity.Adiponectinisassociatedprotectionfrominflammationandvasculardiseases,andalowerlikelihoodofhavingfeaturesofthemetabolicsyndromeorstroke.Adiponectinalsoattenuatesinflammatoryresponsestomultiplestimulibymodulatingsignalingpathwaysinavarietyofcelltypes,includingendothelialcells,andmacrophages.Prematureinfantshavesignificantlylowerplasmaadiponectinlevelscomparedwithtermneonates.Concentrationsattermnewborns,2-to3-foldhigherthanthosereportedinadults,arealsomorethan20-foldhighercomparedwith24week-gestationprematureinfants.WhetherpreterminfantswithPVLhavelowerlevelsofadiponectininthecordbloodascomparedwithpreterminfantswithoutPVLremainsunknown.Basedonthesecharacteristics,wehypothesizethatPPAR-gamma/adiponectinactivationisofidealtherapeuticpotentialthatprovidesmultipleprotectivetargetsagainstinflammation/hypoxic-ischemia-inducedwhitematterinjuryinthepreterminfants.Therefore,this4-yearexperimentalandclinicalstudywilltestthehypothesesthat1)PPAR-gamma/adiponectinisinvolvedinthewhitematterinjuryofimmaturebrain,2)PPAR-gammaagonistsandadiponectinprovidesneuroprotectionagainstwhitematterinjuryintheimmamturebrain,and3)umbilicalcordbloodlevelsofadiponectinandPPAR-gamma/adiponectingeneticpolymorphismareassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofPVLandwiththesusceptibilitytotheseverityofPVL-relatedCPinpreterminfants.Ourresultscanbeofmechanisticaswellastranslationalimportance,giventheassociationandtherapeuticpotentialofthePPAR-gamma/adiponectinsystemwiththeoccurrenceandtreatmentofwhitematterinjuryintheimmaturebrain.ThisstudycouldansweriftheactivationofPPAR-gamma/adiponectinsystemcanbeimportanteventsinprotectionagainstwhitematterinjuryintheimmaturebrain.Moreimportantly,treatmentwithdrugsthatactivatethebeneficialeffectsofPPAR-gamma/adiponectinaxiscouldpotentiallyleadtonoveltherapeuticapproachforthetreatmentofwhitematterinjuryinthehigh-riskpreterminfants.Thisinformationmightfacilitatetheidentificationsubgroupsofpreterminfantswho,byvirtueofthedifferenceinthegeneticpolymorphismofthePPAR-gamma/adiponectinsystem,aremorelikelytodevelopPVL-relatedCP. RelationURL: http://grbsearch.stpi.narl.org.tw/GRB/result.jsp?id=2374768&plan_no=NHRI-EX101-9916NI&plan_year=101&projkey=PG10012-0218&target=plan&highStr=*&check=0&pnchDesc=%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96PPAR-gamma%E5%B0%8D%E6%97%A9%E7%94%A2%E5%85%92%E8%85%A6%E9%83%A8%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E5%82%B7%E5%AE%B3%E5%8F%AF%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A7%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7 Description: 計畫編號:NHRI-EX101-9916NI執行機構:國立成功大學醫學系小兒科研究期間:2012-01~2012-12 AppearsinCollections:[DepartmentofPediatrics]OtherReserachReport FilesinThisItem: Therearenofilesassociatedwiththisitem. AllitemsinNCKURareprotectedbycopyright,withallrightsreserved. RelatedItemsinTAIR DSpaceSoftware Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard /  Enhancedby  NTULibraryIRteam Copyright ©    /  ReEnhancedby  NCKULibraryIRteam  - Feedback



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