Panic Disorder 恐慌症(英文) | 衛教單張 - 中國醫藥大學附設醫院
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Panic Disorder 恐慌症(英文) · Palpitations, pounding heart, or a accelerated heart rate. · Sweating. · Trembling or shaking. · Sensations of shortness of breath or ...
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PanicDisorder恐慌症(英文)
2020/12/24
Introductiontopanicdisorder
Panicdisorderisaformofanxietydisorder.Ordinarypeopledonotfeelafraidanduncomfortableinsomeplaces,wherepatientswillrepeatedlyexperienceabruptsurgeofintensefear,andevenhavethefeelingoffearofdying.
Apanicattackiswhenthereisnorealdanger,thebodyintenselysensesdiscomfortthatcomeswiththethreat.Panicsymptomsmaysuddenlyarisewhenyouaregoingonwithdailyactivitiessuchasgettingreadyforbed.
Panicattackscanoccurseveraltimesaweek,orseveraltimesinaday,andgenerallypeakabout10minutesaftertheonsetoftheattack,duringwhichpatientsmayfeeltensedandfear.Peoplewithpanicdisorderoftenliveinthefearofthenextattackbecausethereisnoaurabeforeanattack.
Symptoms
Whenatypicalpanicattackoccurs,thereisaperiodofintensefearanddiscomfort.Fourormoreofthe13symptomslistedbelowarethemostseverewithin10minutes.
Palpitations,poundingheart,oraacceleratedheartrate.
Sweating.
Tremblingorshaking.
Sensationsofshortnessofbreathorsmothering.
Feelingsofchoking.
Chestpainordiscomfort.
Nauseaorabdominaldistress.
Feelingofdizzy,unsteady,light-headed,orfaint.
Derealization(feelingsofunreality)ordepersonalization(beingdetachedfromoneself).
Fearoflosingcontrolor“goingcrazy”.
Fearofdying.
Paresthesias(numbnessortinglinginthefingertips,mouthorbody).
Feelingcoldorhot.
Effects
Excessiveanxietycanleadtopanicattacks,whichwillreducethepatients'copingandlearningcapacity,weakentheirimmunity,worsentheirresponsetotreatment,reducetheirtolerancetopain,andmakethemlosecontrolofthemselves.Evenunderguidance,theycannotdoanything.Thedisordercanevenleadtopersonalitychanges,distortedcognitionandlossofrationalthinking,whichcancausegreatsufferingtopatientsthemselves.Frequentfearsandworriesusuallyco-occurwithdepression,sothetreatmentofdepressionshouldalsobeconsidered.
Treatment
Panicattackscanbeovercome,andtherearemanytreatmentsthatworkandalmosteveryone'ssymptomswillimprove.
Medicationandpsychotherapy,whetherusedaloneorincombination,areveryeffective.Themaintreatmentmethodsare:
Pharmacotherapy
Basedonanxiolyticsandantidepressants,thepatientmustfollowtheirdoctor'sinstructionsandneveradjustthedosageorstoptakingitwithoutpermission.Withthedevelopmentofmedicine,thesideeffectsofthenewergenerationofdrugshavebeengraduallyreduced,thoughsometimesstillnotedinsomepatients.Ofnote,mostsideeffectsaretemporary.Donotdiscontinueorcutdownonmedicationbecauseofthediscomfortcausedbytemporarysideeffects,asthismaynotachievethetherapeuticeffect.Ifthesideeffectscauseyouconsiderabledistress,discusswithyourphysicianandmakeappropriateadjustments.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapytakesalongtimetowork,andittakesalotofeffort.However,thetechniqueslearnedfrompsychotherapycanbeappliedoverthelongterm,leadingtolongerperiodsofreliefaftertreatment.Inaddition,somepeoplefeelthattheyhavemoresenseofcontrolwithoutdrugs,soitismoreappropriatetotakebothpharmacotherapyandpsychotherapyatthesametime.Whenpsychotherapyworks,thepatientfeelsbetter,andtheycandiscusswiththedoctorwhetherthedosageofdrugscanbeslowlyreduced.
Grouptherapy
Getsupportandadvicetoimprovepsychologicaldistressandrestorelifemotivation.
Behavioraltherapy
Treatanxietythroughsimple,accessibletechniques.
Musclerelaxationtraining
Cooperatewithdeepbreathingandexhalationtrainingtoimprovehyperventilation.
Self-helprulesforstayingawayfrompanic
Contactyourdoctoraboutthetreatmentplanforanxietydisorders.Youdon'tneedtobebotheredbyseekingmedicaltreatment.Infact,you'llfindthatpeoplehavealotofrespectforthosewhoarewillingtodealwiththeseissues.
Maintainapositiveattitudebyabsorbingtheexperiencesofothers(forexample,learnfrommovies,books,orTVdramaswherecharacterswithanxietytraitscopewiththeiranxietyproperly).
Takepartinactivitiesthatmakeyoufeelcomfortable,relaxyourpaceoflife,talktorelativesandfriends,andadjustyourmood.
Seekhelpfromatrustedfamilymember,friend,pastor,orlocalsupportgroupsoyouwon'tfeelalone.
Learnasmuchasyoucanaboutanxietydisorders,howtotreatthem,andhowpatientscanrecover.
Maintainaregularscheduleandtakepartinleisureactivities.
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