Certificate of origin - Wikipedia

A Certificate of Origin or Declaration of Origin is a document widely used in international trade transactions which attests that the product listed therein ... Certificateoforigin FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Internationaltradedocument ACertificateofOriginorDeclarationofOrigin(oftenabbreviatedtoC/O,COorDOO)isadocumentwidelyusedininternationaltradetransactionswhichatteststhattheproductlistedthereinhasmetcertaincriteriatobeconsideredasoriginatinginaparticularcountry.Acertificateoforigin/declarationoforiginisgenerallypreparedandcompletedbytheexporterorthemanufacturer,andmaybesubjecttoofficialcertificationbyanauthorizedthirdparty.Itisoftensubmittedtoacustomsauthorityoftheimportingcountrytojustifytheproduct'seligibilityforentryand/oritsentitlementtopreferentialtreatment.GuidelinesforissuanceofCertificatesofOriginbychambersofcommercegloballyareissuedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce. AcertificateoforigincertifiedbyChinaChamberofInternationalCommerce Contents 1Fundamentalsofcertificateoforigin 1.1Conceptofcertificateoforigin 1.2Theimportanceofcertificateoforigin 1.3Certificateoforigin,countryoforiginandrulesoforigin 2Issuingandverifyingcertificateoforigin 2.1Issuingcertificateoforigin 2.2Waiverofcertificateoforigin 2.3Verifyingcertificateoforigin 2.4Issuingandverifyingauthorities 3Types,forms,andformatsofcertificateoforigin 3.1Typesofcertificateoforigin 3.1.1Non-preferentialcertificateoforigin 3.1.2Preferentialcertificateoforigin 3.2Formsofcertificateoforigin 3.3Formatsofcertificateoforigin 3.3.1Paper-basedcertificateoforigin 3.3.2Electroniccertificateoforigin 4Certificatesoforiginandtradefacilitationinitiatives 4.1RulesofOriginFacilitator 4.2CertificateofOriginAccreditationChain 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks Fundamentalsofcertificateoforigin[edit] Conceptofcertificateoforigin[edit] ItisnotedthatChapter2oftheRevisedKyotoConventionprovidesastrictdefinitionto"certificateoforigin".[1]Thescopeofthisconceptcoversonlythespecificformissuedbyanauthorizedthirdparty: Certificateoforiginmeansaspecificformidentifyingthegoods,inwhichtheauthorityorbodyempoweredtoissueitcertifiesexpresslythatthegoodstowhichthecertificaterelatesoriginateinaspecificcountry.Thiscertificatemayalsoincludeadeclarationbythemanufacturer,producer,supplier,exporterorothercompetentperson; inwhich,a"declarationoforigin"isdefinedasfollows: Declarationoforiginmeansanappropriatestatementastotheoriginofthegoodsmade,inconnectionwiththeirexportation,bythemanufacturer,producer,supplier,exporterorothercompetentpersononthecommercialinvoiceoranyotherdocumentrelatingtothegoods; However,theconcepthasbeenusedinpracticeinabroadersense,whichincludesself-certifiedcertificatesoforiginaswell(e.g.,inNAFTA).[2]Takingintoaccountthisfact,theInternationalChamberofCommerceprovidesasimplerandmorecomprehensivedefinitionwhichcoversbothself-certificationandauthorizedcertification:[3] Acertificateoforiginisanimportantinternationaltradedocumentthatcertifiesthatgoodsinaparticularexportshipmentarewhollyobtained,produced,manufacturedorprocessedinaparticularcountry.Italsoservesasadeclarationbytheexporter. Inthistopic,declarationoforiginwillalsobementionedbecauseitisanimportantproofoforiginbesidethemorepopularlyusedcertificateoforigin. Theimportanceofcertificateoforigin[edit] Ingeneral,acertificateoforiginisessentialininternationaltradetransactionsbecauseitistheproofcertifyingtheoriginoftheproduct,whichisinturnthebasistodeterminethetariffsandothertrademeasuresthatwillbeapplied. Althoughsatisfyingrulesoforigininprinciplemeansthataproducthasqualifiedfortheoriginatingstatus,andisthusentitledtopreferentialtariffs,inmostcases,aclaimforpreferencesmustbeaccompaniedbyacertificateoforiginpresentedtothecustomsauthorityattheportofentry.Unliketheexporterormanufacturer,whoisresponsiblefor(andcapableof)provingtotheissuingauthority(orself-certifying)theoriginoftheproduct,theimporteroftenhaslittleknowledgeofhowtheproductmeetstheorigincriteria.Theimporterisinsteadrequiredtopresentaproof,e.g.,acertificateoforiginissuedorobtainedbytheexporterormanufacturer.Suchseparationofobligationsmeansthatevenifaproductmayactuallyoriginateinaparticularcountry,theimporter'sfailuretosubmitacertificateoforiginmaycausethegoodtobebarredfromenjoyingpreferences.[4] Forinstance,therulesoforigininthefreetradeagreementbetweenChileandThailandprovidesthat: Article4.13:CertificateofOrigin[5] AclaimthatgoodsareeligibleforpreferentialtarifftreatmentunderthisAgreementshallbesupportedbyaCertificateofOriginissuedbytheexportingPartyintheformasprescribedinSectionAofAnnex4.13(FormofCertificateofOriginofChile,issuedbyitscompetentauthority)orSectionBofAnnex4.13(FormofCertificateofOriginofThailand,issuedbyitscompetentauthority). Apartfromborderpurposes,acertificateoforiginalsoplaysacertainroleincertifyingthesourceofaproductandthusitsprestige(forinstanceSwisswatches).Therefore,theimportermayneedittoshowtohisconsumersinthedestinationmarket.Insomecases,acertificateoforiginhelpstodeterminewhetheraproductcanbelegallyimported,particularlywhentheimportingcountryisapplyingabanorasanctionongoodsoriginatingincertaincountries. Certificateoforigin,countryoforiginandrulesoforigin[edit] Theseconceptsareinterrelatedandsometimescauseconfusion.Basically,acertificateoforigincertifiesthecountryoforiginoftheproductlistedinthecertificate.Asthetermselfindicates,thecountryoforiginofaproductdoesnotrefertothecountryoftheexporter,buttothecountrywhereitisobtainedorproduced.Inmanycasesthecountryoforiginisalsothecountryfromwhichitisexported.However,therearevariouscaseswherethesecountriesaredifferent.Forinstance,anexporterincountryAmaysignacontactwithanimporterincountryC,andinstructsthegoodstobeshippedfromcountryB,whereitisactuallymade.Regardinggoodsnotdirectlyshipped,thecompetentauthorityinatransitcountrymaysometimesissueaback-to-backcertificateoforiginbasedonanoriginalone,inwhichthecountryoforiginisdifferentfromthetransitcountry. Thecountryoforiginisdeterminedbasedontheoriginrequirementsprovidedintherulesoforiginappliedtotheproductathand.Initssimplestcase,thecountryoforiginwillbethecountryinwhichtheproductiswhollyobtainedorproduced.Forinstance,ricegrownandharvestedinVietnamisconsideredasoriginatinginVietnam.Intheeventthatthemanufactureofaproductinvolvestwoormorecountries(e.g.,crackersmadeinKoreafromriceofVietnam),thecountryoforiginisdefinedasthecountrywherethelastsubstantialeconomicallyjustifiedworkingorprocessingiscarriedout.[6] Issuingandverifyingcertificateoforigin[edit] Issuingcertificateoforigin[edit] Forbothpreferentialandnon-preferentialcertificatesoforigin,theissuancethereofdependsonwhetherself-certificationisallowed,orauthorizedcertificationisrequired.[7] Inthecaseofself-certification,theexporterorthemanufacturerwillhavetherighttoassessthecomplianceofitsproductwiththeapplicableorigincriteria.Itmaythenissueacertificateoforiginusingaprescribedform.Sometimes,thereisnoprescribedform,whichmeanstheexporterorthemanufacturerisallowedtosimplyprovidea(sworn)declarationabouttheoriginofthegoods.Thedeclarationmayeitherbemadeonaseparatedocument,orincorporatedinanothertradedocument,suchasaninvoice.[8] Wherethird-partycertificationisrequired,normallythecertificateoforiginmustbesignedbytheexporterorthemanufacturer,andcountersignedbyalocalissuingbody,suchasachamberofcommerceoracustomsauthority.[9]Thecertificationofficermayrequiretheexporterormanufacturertosubmitdocumentsrelatingtothemanufacturingprocess,orevenexaminethemanufacturingpremises.Thecertificationprocesswillthusincursomecosts,includingthefeespaidtothecompetentauthority. Waiverofcertificateoforigin[edit] Determiningtheoriginofaproductiscrucialbecausecountryoforiginisthegroundtoapplytariffsandothertrademeasures.However,acertificateoforiginisnotsystematicallyrequiredforallshipments.Itwilldependonthetraderegimeunderwhichaproductisimportedtoadestinationcountry,andalsothevalueofthatgoods. Fornon-preferentialpurposes,thesubmissionofacertificateoforiginisusuallynotnecessaryunlessitisotherwiseindicated,particularlyduringaperiodwhentheimportingcountryisapplyingsometraderemediestocertainproductsoriginatingincertaincountries.Forpreferentialpurposes,althoughacertificateoforiginisusuallymandatory,mostcertificateprovideaprovisiononexemptionappliedto"smallvalue"consignments. Thethresholdbelowwhichacertificateoforiginiswaiveddiffersfromonetradeagreementtoanother.Therefore,itisimportantfortraderstoexaminetheapplicabletradeagreementcarefullytofindoutwhetherornottheywillneedacertificateoforiginforacertainshipment.Theprovisiononexemptionorwaiverofcertificateoforiginisoftenprovidedunambiguouslyintheprotocolorannexonrulesoforiginoftherelevantagreements.TheymayalsocheckandcomparetheexemptionthresholdsofvarioustradeagreementsbyusingtheRulesofOriginFacilitator,[10]afreetooldevelopedbytheInternationalTradeCentre-afreetooldevelopedinajointinitiativewiththeWCOandWTOtoassistsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises. Verifyingcertificateoforigin[edit] Verificationisaprocesscarriedoutintheimportingcountrytoconfirmtheoriginatingstatusofgoodswhichhavealreadybeenimported.Inthisprocess,verifyingthecertificateoforiginsubmittedtocustomsauthoritiesisanimportantstep.Thecustomsofficermayneedtochecktheauthenticityofthecertificateathandbycomparingthereferencenumberthereofandexaminingthesignatureandstamponitsurface.Healsoneedstochecktomakesureallthefieldsinthecertificatehavebeendulyfilledandtheinformationinthecertificateisconsistentwiththatinothertradedocuments(e.g.,commercialinvoice,billoflading).Wherethecertificateoforiginisfoundtocontainsomeerrors,thecertificatemayberejected;however,minorandformalerrorsisusuallynotthebasisforanautomaticrejectionofthevalidityofacertificate.[11] Acertificatemustinprinciplebesubmittedwithinthevalidityperiodprovidedintheapplicablerulesoforigin.Moreover,itshouldnormallybesubmittedatthetimeofimportationtoclaimforpreferentialtreatment.Howevermanyagreementsacceptstheretroactiveissuanceofcertificatesoforigin,andthepossibilityofatariffrefund.Thisrelaxationruleappliesifbythetimeofimportation,forsomejustifiablereasons,theimporterhasnotfiledaclaimforpreferentialtariff.[12] Intheeventthatthecustomsauthorityremainindoubtdespitethereisnosignofnon-complianceonthecertificateoforigin,itmayasktophysicallychecktheimportedgoods.Moreover,thecustomsauthoritymayalsocontacttheissuingauthorityintheexportingcountrytoverifyanyinformationitconsidersnecessarybeforemakingthedecision. Issuingandverifyingauthorities[edit] Domesticinstitutionsarethosewhodirectdealwiththeissuanceandverificationofrulesoforigin.Itdiffersfromcountrytocountryanddependsalsoonthespecificagreementunderwhichashipmentisclassified.Forinstance,forgoodsshippedfromtheexportingcountrytotheimportingcountryundernon-preferentialregime,thecertificateoforiginmaybecertifiedbytheChamberofCommercebutforifthosegoodsaretradedunderafreetradeagreement,theissuingauthoritymaybeoneagencyoftheMinistryofTrade. Normallytheissuingauthoritycanbeoneofthefollowinginstitutions: -Chambersofcommerce ICCaccreditedchambersusingInternationalCertificateofOriginGuidelines -Customsauthorities Underbilateralorregionaltradeagreements -Othergovernmentbodiesoragenciesassignedbytheagreement,normallybelongstotheMinistryofTrade. Verifyingauthorities Inmostcaseswhereverifyingauthoritiesarespecified,itwouldbethecustomsauthoritiesoftheimportingcountries.Thereasonisthatrulesoforiginmustpasstheverificationintheimportingcountrysothatthegoodscanbedeterminedaseligibleforpreferentialtreatmentornot. Types,forms,andformatsofcertificateoforigin[edit] Typesofcertificateoforigin[edit] Basically,becauserulesoforiginmaybeestablishedforpreferentialornon-preferentialpurposes,certificatesoforigincanalsobeclassifiedintotwotypes:preferentialandnon-preferential. Non-preferentialcertificateoforigin[edit] CertificateofOriginformBissuedbyVCCI,Vietnam Non-preferentialcertificateoforiginistheformofcertificateissuedforthepurposeofcomplyingwithnon-preferentialrulesoforigin.Thistypeofcertificatebasicallycertifiesthecountryoforiginoftheproductwithoutallowingittobeentitledtopreferentialtariffsunderpreferentialtraderegimes.Tobespecific,non-preferentialcertificateoforiginisusedwithintheWTOframeworkformost-favored-nationtreatmentasprovidedforinArticle1.2oftheAgreementonRulesofOrigin.[13] Thewords"preferential"and"non-preferential"intheAgreementdoescausecertainconfusion.IntheWTOcontext,preferentialtraderegimescoverfreetradeagreementsandotherautonomouspreferentialregimes,suchasGeneralizedSystemofPreferences.Therefore,althoughMFNtariffscanactuallybemorefavorableascomparedtothoseappliedtogoodsoriginatinginnon-WTOcountries,theyareconsidered"non-preferential"becausetheyareappliedtoallmembersinthesamemannerwithoutdiscrimination.Moreover,astradewithintheWTOnowaccountsforroughlyallworldtrade,transactionswithcountriesoutsidetheWTOarenegligibleinvalue.ThisisthereasonwhythesedaysveryfewWTOmembersstillrequirethesubmissionofanon-preferentialcertificateoforigintoapplyMFNtariffs,butwillapplythemautomatically. However,non-preferentialcertificateoforiginremainsimportantinseveralcases.Non-preferentialrulesoforiginshallapplytoproductsoriginatingincountriessubjecttotraderemedies,sothisformmayberequisiteinsuchinstances.Inthetimeoftradewars,acertificateoforiginshowingthattheproductisnotoriginatinginasanctionedcountrymayalsoberequiredforthegoodstoenterthesanctioningcountry.Moreover,sometimestheoriginofthegooditselfisanevidenceofqualityandprestige,soitmaybebeneficialtoobtainone,althoughitdoesnothelptradersgainpreferentialtarifftreatment. Preferentialcertificateoforigin[edit] Apreferentialcertificateoforiginisadocumentattestingthatgoodsinaparticularshipmentareofacertainoriginunderthedefinitionsofaparticularbilateralormultilateralfreetradeagreement.[14]Thiscertificateisusuallyrequiredbytheimportingcountry'scustomsauthorityindecidingwhethertheimportsshouldbenefitfrompreferentialtreatmentallowedundertheapplicableagreement.Unlikenon-preferentialcertificateoforiginwhichoftenindicatesonlythecountryoforigininitstitle,apreferentialcertificatewillindicateatthetopofthedocumentunderwhichtradeagreementitisissued. Ascomparedtonon-preferentialcertificateoforigin,preferentialcertificateoforiginhasmorepracticalusebecauseitenablestheclaimofbenefitbeyondtheMFNtreatment.Therefore,mostofthediscussiononcertificateoforiginnormallyfocusesonpreferentialone.Thefollowingpartsonformsandformatswilladdclarificationtothediversityofthistypeofcertificateoforigin. Formsofcertificateoforigin[edit] CertificateofOriginintheKorea-CanadaFreeTradeAgreement Withtheproliferationoftradeagreements,avarietyofformsofcertificatesoforiginhavebeenusedininternationaltrade.Whileeachcountryofteninprincipleprovidesonlyoneformofnon-preferentialcertificateoforigin(orevennoformatall),theformofpreferentialcertificateoforigindiffersfromonetradeagreementtoanother.Itmeansthatthemoretradeagreementsacountryparticipatesin,themoreformsofpreferentialcertificateoforiginitstradersmayneedtobefamiliarwith. Toclaimpreferenceunderacertaintradeagreement,tradersmustuseexactlytheformofcertificateoforigindevisedforthatagreement.TakingVietnamasanexample,aVietnameseexporterwillapplyforapreferentialcertificateoforiginFormAforGSPpurposes,FormDifexportedtoanotherASEANcountry,FormEifexportedtoChinaundertheASEAN-Chinatradeagreement,FormAKifexportedtoChinaundertheASEAN-Koreatradeagreement,etc.Particularly,ifhistradepartnerisaJapanimporter,thisVietnameseexportermayneedtochooseamongFormA(GSP),FormAJ(ASEAN-Japan)orFormVJ(Vietnam-Japan),dependingonthepreferentialagreementthatheoptstoadhereto. However,virtuallyallcertificateoforiginformsadoptasimilartemplate,withfieldstobefilledincoveringthecountryoforigin,shipper'snameandaddress,consignee'snameandaddress,transportdetail,productdescriptionandquantity,andtheissuingbody'sstampandsignatureifauthorizedcertificationisrequired.Besides,somecountriesandtradingblocshavemadeeffortinreducingthedivergenceoforigincertificationforms.Forinstance,theEUR.1movementcertificate(alsoknownasEUR.1certificate,orEUR.1)isrecognizedasacertificateoforigininvariousbilateralandmultilateraltradeagreementsofthePan-Europeanpreferencesystem.[15] Formatsofcertificateoforigin[edit] Paper-basedcertificateoforigin[edit] Themostpopularformatofcertificateoforiginispaper-based.Paper-basedcertificatesarewidelyusedbecauseinmostcases,theyhavetobearthesignaturesandstampsoftheexportersormanufacturers,andthoseoftheissuingauthorities.Moreover,theverificationandacceptanceofelectronicdocumentsstilltaketimetobewidelyapplied,sotheabolitionofpaper-basedcertificatesoforiginisimpossibleinthenearfuture. Althoughmoreandmoretradeagreementsallowthetraderstoprintthecertificatesthemselves,itisquitecommonthattheyarepre-printedbyacompetentauthorityandsoldordeliveredtotheapplicants.Forinstance,thefreetradeagreementbetweenThailandandIndia[16]requiresthatthecertificateoforiginmustbeprintedinaspecificway,whichmeansthatthetradercannotprintitbyhimself: Rule7 (a)ThevalidityoftheCertificateofOriginshallbe12monthsfromthedateofitsissuance. (b)TheCertificateofOriginmustbeonISOA4sizepaperinconformitytothespecimenshowninAttachment 1.ItshallbemadeinEnglish. (c)TheCertificateofOriginshallcompriseofoneoriginalandthree(3)carboncopiesofthefollowingcolours : Original-Blue Duplicate-White Triplicate-White Quadruplicate-White (d)EachCertificateofOriginshallbearaprinteddistinctivenumberandareferencenumberseparatelygivenbyeachplaceorofficeofissuance. (e)Theoriginalcopy,togetherwiththetriplicate,shallbeforwardedbytheexportertotheimporterforsubmissionoftheoriginalcopytotheCustomsAuthorityattheportorplaceofimportation.TheduplicateshallberetainedbytheissuingauthorityintheexportingParty.Thetriplicateshallberetainedbytheimporterandthequadruplicateshallberetainedbytheexporter. Electroniccertificateoforigin[edit] Asmillionsofcertificatesareissuedeveryyear,andtokeeppacewiththeshifttoe-business,electroniccertificatesoforiginor"e-CO"arebeingimplemented.[17]Electroniccertificatesoforiginarenotonlyameanstofacilitateandprovideasecuretradingenvironmentbutalsosavetime,costsandincreasetransparency.[18] Inrecentyears,severale-COplatformshavebeendevelopedbynationalandregionalchambersofcommerce.[19][20]Theuseofelectroniccertificatesoforiginisanticipatedtoincreaseconsideringthesupportfromboththebusinesscommunitybutalsofrompolicymakers.Notably,TheWTO'sAgreementonTradeFacilitationcameintoforce,bringinganewbenchmarkfortheuseofelectronicdocuments,includingcertificatesoforigin.[21]Article10.2oftheagreementprovidesthat: 2.AcceptanceofCopies 2.1EachMembershall,whereappropriate,endeavourtoacceptpaperorelectroniccopiesofsupportingdocumentsrequiredforimport,export,ortransitformalities; 2.2WhereagovernmentagencyofaMemberalreadyholdstheoriginalofsuchadocument,anyotheragencyofthatMembershallacceptapaperorelectroniccopy,whereapplicable,fromtheagencyholdingtheoriginalinlieuoftheoriginaldocument; 2.3AMembershallnotrequireanoriginalorcopyofexportdeclarationssubmittedtothecustomsauthoritiesoftheexportingMemberasarequirementforimportation. Certificatesoforiginandtradefacilitationinitiatives[edit] Someinternationalorganizationsaretakingeffortstofacilitatetheprocessofcertifyingandverifyingcertificatesoforigin.Thefollowingsaresomemostsignificantinitiatives: RulesofOriginFacilitator[edit] InajointinitiativewiththeWCOandWTO,theInternationalTradeCentreintroducesRulesofOriginFacilitator,[22]whichprovidesfreeanduser-friendlyaccesstoITC'sdatabaseofrulesoforiginandorigin-relateddocumentationinhundredsoftradeagreements.TheFacilitatorisalsocombinedwiththehugetariffandtradeagreementsdatabasesthathavebeenconstructedandcontinuouslymaintainedbyITC'sMarketAccessMapsince2006,[23]resultinginauniquemarketintelligencesolutionenablingcompanies,particularlyonesfromdevelopingcountries,tobenefitfromtradeagreementsworldwide.TheFacilitatorcurrentlycontainsadataformorethan150freetradeagreementsappliedbymorethan190countriesaswellasnon-preferentialregimesoftheEU,theUSandSwitzerland.Thisdatabaseisgraduallyexpandingwiththeultimategoaltocoverover400freetradeagreementsandpreferentialschemesthatarecurrentlyactiveintheworld. TheRulesofOriginFacilitatoraimstohelpsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisestoincreasetradebytakingadvantageofglobaltradeopportunitiesintheformoflowdutyratesundertradeagreements.Thetoolcanalsobeusedbypolicymakers,tradenegotiators,economistsaswellasanyotherusers.Anyusercansimplylookforinformationonorigincriteria,otheroriginprovisions,andtradedocumentationbyenteringtheHScodeoftheirproduct. Apartfromitsuniquesearchingfeature,theFacilitatorallowstraderstogetfreeanddirectaccesstothousandsoflegaldocumentation,includinghundredsofformsofcertificatesoforigin.Theusermayconvenientlydownloadtheformheneedsforacertaintransactionandfillinnecessaryinformationtosubmit.Inaddition,afullglossaryoncommonprovisions,includingthoserelatingtocertificatesoforigincertificationandverificationisalsoprovidedtohelpusersgetusedtothecomplicatedtermsandconcepts.[24] CertificateofOriginAccreditationChain[edit] Theformalizationintheroleofchambersofcommerceasissuingagenciesforcertificatesoforigin(CO)canbetracedbacktothe1923GenevaConventionrelatingtotheSimplificationofCustomsFormalitiesandhasbeenreinforcedwiththeRevisedKyotoConvention.UndertheseConventions,signatorygovernmentswereabletoalloworganizations“whichpossessthenecessaryauthorityandofferthenecessaryguarantees”totheStatetoissuecertificatesoforigin.Thusduetothewidespreadnetworkofthechamberofcommercecommunity,inmostcountries,chambersofcommercewereseenastheseorganizationsallowedtoissuecertificatesoforigin. [25] Since1923,governmentshavebeendelegatingtheissuanceofcertificatesoforigintochambersofcommerce.Chambersaredeemedtobecompetentorganisationsandregardedasanaccountableandreliablethird-partywithneutralityandimpartiality.Understandingthelackofharmonyinissuingcertificatesoforiginacrosstheglobe,theInternationalChamberofCommerceWorldChambersFederationCouncilonInternationalCertificateofOrigin(ICO)hasbeenestablishedtoenhanceandpromotetheuniquepositionofchambersasthenaturalagentintheissuanceoftradedocuments.TheFederationhasalsoprovidedauniversalsetofguidelinesforissuingandattestingcertificatesbychambersallovertheworld.[26] Seealso[edit] Rulesoforigin InternationalCertificateofOriginGuidelines Tradefacilitation ChamberofCommerce InternationalTrade Provenance References[edit] General ^"SpecificAnnexK,KyotoConvention".WCO.Retrieved20February2019. ^"NAFTACertificateofOrigin(self-certification)"(PDF).CBP.Retrieved20February2019. ^"CertificatesofOrigin".ICC.Retrieved20February2019. ^"CertificatesofOrigin".ICC.Retrieved20February2019. ^"Chile-ThailandRulesofOrigin"(PDF).SICE.Retrieved20February2019. ^"SpecificAnnexK,KyotoConvention".WCO.Retrieved20February2019. ^"RulesofOriginFacilitatorGlossary-'Certification'".ITC.Retrieved21February2019. ^"InvoiceDeclarationinEU-CentralAmericaFTA"(PDF).EuropeanCommission.Retrieved20February2019. ^"CommonExportDocuments".www.export.gov.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2015-06-22.Retrieved2015-06-04. ^"RulesofOriginFacilitator".ITC.Retrieved20February2019. ^"RulesofOriginFacilitatorGlossary-'Error'".ITC.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22February2019.Retrieved21February2019. ^"RulesofOriginFacilitatorGlossary-'Refundofexcessduties'".ITC.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21February2019.Retrieved21February2019. ^"AgreementonRulesofOrigin".WTO.Retrieved21February2019. ^"Introduction-EuropeanCommission".ec.europa.eu.Retrieved2015-06-04. ^"SpecimenofEUR.1Certificate"(PDF).EUCommission.Retrieved21February2019. ^"InterimRulesofOriginforPreferentialTariffConcessionsforTradebetweenIndiaandThailand".CBIC.Retrieved20February2019. ^"ElectronicCertificateofOrigin".www.sicc.com.sg.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2015-05-09.Retrieved2015-06-05. ^"CertificatesofOrigin".www.gachamber.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2015-05-16.Retrieved2015-06-05. ^"ElectronicCertificatesofOrigin".www.greaterphilachamber.com.Retrieved2015-06-05. ^"CertificatesofOriginandAttestationsProcedures".www.sharjah.gov.ae.Retrieved2015-06-05. ^"TradeFacilitationAgreement".WTO.Retrieved21February2019. ^"RulesofOriginFacilitator".ITC.Retrieved14February2019. ^"MarketAccessMap".ITC.Retrieved21February2019.[permanentdeadlink] ^"RulesofOriginFacilitatorGlossary".ITC.Retrieved21February2019. ^"WhatisaCertificateofOrigin?|CertificatesofOrigin|TradeFacilitation|ChamberServices|ICC-InternationalChamberofCommerce".www.iccwbo.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2015-05-23.Retrieved2015-06-04. ^"InternationalCertificateofOriginGuidelines".ICC.Archivedfromtheoriginalon25March2019.Retrieved15February2019. Externallinks[edit] ITC'sRulesofOriginFacilitator,afreeonlinetoolenablingenterprisestosearchfororiginprovisionsanddocumentation. WorldTrendsinPreferentialOriginCertificationandVerification, WorldChambersFederation ICCWCFInternationalCertificateofOriginGuidelinesArchived2013-09-23attheWaybackMachine InternationalChamberofCommerce WorldCustomsOrganization WTO'sAgreementonRulesofOrigin DigitalCertificate Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certificate_of_origin&oldid=1099172839" Categories:InternationaltradedocumentsExportHiddencategories:AllarticleswithdeadexternallinksArticleswithdeadexternallinksfromNovember2019ArticleswithpermanentlydeadexternallinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinks Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةDeutschEuskaraفارسیFrançais日本語PolskiRomânăРусскийSimpleEnglishСрпски/srpskiTürkçeTiếngViệt粵語中文 Editlinks