Create and manage virtual devices | Android Developers

An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration that defines the characteristics of an Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, ... 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TheDeviceManagerisaninterfaceyoucanlaunchfromAndroidStudiothathelpsyou createandmanageAVDs. ToopenthenewDeviceManager,dooneofthefollowing: FromtheAndroidStudioWelcomescreen,selectMoreActions>VirtualDevice Manager. Note:Youcancurrentlycreateandmanageonlyvirtualdevicesfromthewelcome screen. Afteropeningaproject,selectView>ToolWindows>DeviceManagerfrom themainmenubar. AboutAVDs AnAVDcontainsahardwareprofile,systemimage,storagearea,skin, andotherproperties. WerecommendthatyoucreateanAVDforeachsystemimagethatyourapp couldpotentiallysupportbasedonthe settinginyourmanifest. Hardwareprofile Thehardwareprofiledefinesthecharacteristicsofadeviceas shippedfromthefactory.TheDeviceManagercomespreloadedwithcertain hardwareprofiles,suchasPixeldevices,andyoucandefineorcustomizethe hardwareprofilesasneeded. NoticethatonlysomehardwareprofilesareindicatedtoincludePlayStore.This indicatesthattheseprofilesarefullyCTScompliantandmayusesystem imagesthatincludethePlayStoreapp. Systemimages AsystemimagelabeledwithGoogleAPIsincludesaccessto GooglePlay services.AsystemimagelabeledwiththeGooglePlaylogointhePlay StorecolumnincludestheGooglePlayStoreappandaccessto GooglePlayservices,includingaGooglePlaytabintheExtended controlsdialogthatprovidesaconvenientbuttonforupdatingGooglePlay servicesonthedevice. Toensureappsecurityandaconsistentexperiencewithphysicaldevices, systemimageswiththeGooglePlayStoreincludedaresignedwitharelease key,whichmeansthatyoucannotgetelevatedprivileges(root)withthese images.Ifyourequireelevatedprivileges(root)toaidwithyourapp troubleshooting,youcanusetheAndroidOpenSourceProject(AOSP)system imagesthatdonotincludeGoogleappsorservices. Storagearea TheAVDhasadedicatedstorageareaonyourdevelopmentmachine.Itstores thedeviceuserdata,suchasinstalledappsandsettings,aswellas anemulatedSDcard.Ifneeded,youcanusetheDeviceManagertowipeuserdata,sothe devicehasthesamedataasifitwerenew. Skin Anemulatorskinspecifiestheappearanceofadevice.TheDeviceManager providessomepredefinedskins.Youcanalsodefineyourown,oruseskins providedbythirdparties. AVDandappfeatures BesureyourAVDdefinitionincludesthedevicefeaturesyourappdependson. SeeHardwareProfilePropertiesand AVDPropertiesforlistsoffeaturesyoucandefineinyourAVDs. CreateanAVD Tip:Ifyouwanttolaunchyourappintoanemulator,instead runyour appfromAndroidStudioandthenintheSelectDeploymentTargetdialog thatappears,clickCreateNewVirtualDevice. TocreateanewAVD: OpentheDeviceManager. ClickCreateDevice. TheSelectHardwarewindowappears. NoticethatonlysomehardwareprofilesareindicatedtoincludePlayStore.This indicatesthattheseprofilesarefullyCTScompliantandmayusesystem imagesthatincludethePlayStoreapp. Selectahardwareprofile, andthenclickNext. Ifyoudon'tseethehardwareprofileyouwant,youcan create orimportahardwareprofile. TheSystemImagepageappears. SelectthesystemimageforaparticularAPIlevel,andthenclick Next. TheRecommendedtablistsrecommendedsystemimages.The othertabsincludeamorecompletelist.Therightpanedescribesthe selectedsystemimage.x86imagesrunthefastestintheemulator. IfyouseeDownloadnexttothesystemimage,youneed toclickittodownloadthesystemimage.Youmustbeconnectedtothe internettodownloadit. TheAPIlevelofthetargetdeviceisimportant,becauseyourapp won'tbeabletorun onasystemimagewithanAPIlevelthat'slessthanthatrequiredby yourapp,asspecified inthe minSdkVersionattributeoftheappmanifestfile.Formore informationabouttherelationshipbetweensystemAPIleveland minSdkVersion,seeVersioningYourApps. Ifyourappdeclaresa elementinthemanifestfile,theapprequiresasystemimageinwhichthatexternal libraryispresent.Ifyouwanttorunyourapponanemulator,createanAVDthat includestherequiredlibrary.Todoso,youmightneedtouseanadd-oncomponentforthe AVDplatform;forexample,theGoogleAPIsadd-oncontainstheGoogleMapslibrary. TheVerifyConfigurationpageappears. ChangeAVDpropertiesasneeded, andthenclickFinish. ClickShowAdvancedSettingstoshowmore settings,suchastheskin. ThenewAVDappearsintheVirtualtaboftheDeviceManagerand thetargetdrop-downmenu. TocreateanAVDstartingwithacopy: Fromthe Virtualtabof theDeviceManager,clickMenu andselectDuplicate. TheVerifyConfiguration pageappears. ClickChangeorPreviousifyou needtomakechangesonthe SystemImageand SelectHardwarepages. Makeyourchanges,andthenclickFinish. TheAVDappearsintheVirtualtaboftheDeviceManager. Createahardwareprofile TheDeviceManagerprovidespredefinedhardwareprofilesforcommondevicesso youcaneasilyaddthemtoyourAVDdefinitions.If youneedtodefineadifferentdevice,youcancreateanewhardwareprofile. Youcandefineanewhardwareprofilefromthebeginning, orcopyahardwareprofileasastart.Thepreloaded hardwareprofilesaren'teditable. Tocreateanewhardwareprofilefromthebeginning: IntheSelectHardware page,clickNewHardwareProfile. IntheConfigureHardwareProfilepage,changethe hardwareprofilepropertiesas needed. ClickFinish. YournewhardwareprofileappearsintheSelectHardwarepage. YoucanoptionallycreateanAVD thatusesthehardwareprofile byclickingNext.Or,clickCanceltoreturn totheVirtualtabortargetdevicedrop-downmenu. Tocreateahardwareprofilestartingwithacopy: IntheSelectHardware page,selectahardwareprofileandclickCloneDevice. Orright-clickahardwareprofileandselectClone. IntheConfigureHardwareProfilepage,changethe hardwareprofilepropertiesas needed. ClickFinish. YournewhardwareprofileappearsintheSelectHardwarepage. YoucanoptionallycreateanAVD thatusesthehardwareprofile byclickingNext.Or,clickCanceltoreturn totheVirtualtabortargetdevicedrop-downmenu. EditexistingAVDs FromtheVirtualtaboftheDeviceManager, youcanperformthefollowingoperationsonanexistingAVD: ToeditanAVD,clickEditthisAVD and makeyourchanges. TodeleteanAVD,clickMenu andselectDelete. ToshowtheassociatedAVD.iniand .imgfilesondisk,clickMenu andselectShowonDisk. ToviewAVDconfigurationdetailsthatyoucan includeinanybugreportstotheAndroidStudioteam,clickMenu andselectViewDetails. Editexistinghardwareprofiles FromtheSelectHardwarepage, youcan performthefollowingoperationsonanexistinghardwareprofile: Toeditahardwareprofile,selectitandclick EditDevice.Orright-clickahardwareprofileandselect Edit.Next, makeyourchanges. Todeleteahardwareprofile,right-clickitandselect Delete. Youcan'teditordeletethepredefinedhardwareprofiles. Runandstopanemulator,andcleardata FromtheVirtualtab,youcan performthefollowingoperationsonanemulator: TorunanemulatorthatusesanAVD,clickLaunch . Tostoparunningemulator,clickMenu andselectStop. Toclearthedataforanemulator,select WipeData.OrclickMenu andselectWipeData. Importandexporthardwareprofiles FromtheSelectHardwarepage, youcanimportandexporthardwareprofiles: Toimportahardwareprofile,click ImportHardwareProfilesandselecttheXMLfilecontaining thedefinitiononyourcomputer. Toexportahardwareprofile,right-clickitandselect Export.Specifythelocationwhereyouwanttostorethe XMLfilecontainingthedefinition. Hardwareprofileproperties Youcanspecifythefollowingpropertiesofhardwareprofilesinthe ConfigureHardwareProfilepage.AVD configurationpropertiesoverridehardwareprofileproperties,andemulator propertiesthatyousetwhiletheemulatorisrunningoverridethemboth. ThepredefinedhardwareprofilesincludedwiththeDeviceManageraren't editable.However,youcancopythemandeditthecopies. HardwareProfileProperty Description DeviceName Nameofthehardwareprofile. Thenamecancontainuppercaseor lowercaseletters, numbersfrom0to9,periods(.),underscores(_),parentheses(()),andspaces. Thenameofthefilestoringthehardwareprofileisderivedfromthe hardwareprofilename. DeviceType Selectoneofthefollowing: Phone/Tablet WearOS AndroidTV ChromeOSDevice AndroidAutomotive ScreenSize Thephysicalsizeofthescreen,ininches,measuredatthediagonal. Ifthesizeislargerthanyourcomputerscreen,it’sreducedinsizeat launch. ScreenResolution Typeawidthandheightinpixelstospecifythetotalnumberofpixels onthesimulatedscreen. Round Selectthisoptionifthedevicehasaroundscreen,suchassome WearOSdevices. Memory:RAM TypeaRAMsizeforthedeviceandselecttheunits,oneofB(byte), KB(kilobyte),MB(megabyte),GB(gigabyte),orTB(terabyte). Input:HasHardwareButtons(Back/Home/Menu) Selectthisoptionifyourdevicehashardwarenavigationbuttons. Deselectitifthesebuttonsareimplementedinsoftwareonly.Ifyou selectthisoption,thebuttonswon’tappearonthescreen.Youcanusethe emulatorsidepanelto"press"thebuttons,ineithercase. Input:HasHardwareKeyboard Selectthisoptionifyourdevicehasahardwarekeyboard.Deselectit ifitdoesn’t.Ifyouselectthisoption,akeyboardwon’tappearonthe screen.Youcanuseyourcomputerkeyboardtosendkeystrokestothe emulator,ineithercase. NavigationStyle Selectoneofthefollowing: None-Nohardwarecontrols.Navigationisthroughthesoftware. D-pad-DirectionalPadsupport. Trackball Wheel Theseoptionsareforactualhardwarecontrolsonthedeviceitself. However, theeventssenttothedevicebyanexternalcontrollerarethesame. SupportedDeviceStates Selectoneorbothoptions: Portrait-Orientedtallerthanwide. Landscape-Orientedwiderthantall. Ifyouselectboth,youcanswitchbetweenorientationsintheemulator. Youmustselectatleastoneoptiontocontinue. Cameras Toenablethecamera,selectoneorbothoptions: Back-FacingCamera-Thelensfacesawayfromtheuser. Front-FacingCamera-Thelensfacestowardtheuser. Later,youcanuseawebcamoraphotoprovidedbytheemulatortosimulate takingaphotowiththecamera. Sensors:Accelerometer Selectifthedevicehashardwarethathelpsthedevicedetermine itsorientation. Sensors:Gyroscope Selectifthedevicehashardwarethatdetectsrotationortwist. Incombinationwithan accelerometer,itcanprovidesmootherorientationdetectionandsupport asix-axisorientationsystem. Sensors:GPS SelectifthedevicehashardwarethatsupportstheGlobalPositioning System(GPS) satellite-basednavigationsystem. Sensors:ProximitySensor Selectifthedevicehashardwarethatdetectsifthedeviceisclose toyourfaceduringa phonecalltodisableinputfromthescreen. DefaultSkin Selectaskinthatcontrolswhatthedevicelookslikewhendisplayed inthe emulator.Rememberthatspecifyingascreensizethat'stoobigforthe resolutioncanmeanthatthescreeniscutoff,soyoucan'tseethewhole screen.See Createanemulatorskin formoreinformation. AVDproperties YoucanspecifythefollowingpropertiesforAVDconfigurations intheVerifyConfigurationpage. TheAVDconfigurationspecifiestheinteractionbetweenthedevelopment computerandtheemulator,aswellaspropertiesyouwanttooverrideinthe hardwareprofile. AVDconfigurationpropertiesoverridehardwareprofileproperties. Emulatorpropertiesthatyousetwhiletheemulatorisrunningoverridethemboth. AVDProperty Description AVDName NameoftheAVD.Thenamecancontainuppercaseor lowercaseletters, numbersfrom0to9,periods(.),underscores(_),parentheses(()),dashes(-),andspaces. ThenameofthefilestoringtheAVDconfigurationisderivedfromtheAVD name. AVDID(Advanced) TheAVDfilenameisderivedfromtheID,andyoucanusetheIDto refertotheAVDfromthecommandline. HardwareProfile ClickChangetoselectadifferenthardwareprofilein theSelectHardwarepage. SystemImage ClickChangetoselectadifferentsystemimageinthe SystemImagepage. Anactiveinternetconnectionisrequiredtodownloadanewimage. StartupOrientation Selectoneoptionfortheinitialemulatororientation: Portrait-Orientedtallerthanwide. Landscape-Orientedwiderthantall. Anoptionisenabledonlyifit’sselectedinthehardwareprofile.When runningtheAVDintheemulator,youcanchangetheorientationifbothportraitand landscapearesupportedinthehardwareprofile. Camera(Advanced) Toenableacamera,selectoneorbothoptions: Front-Thelensfacesawayfromtheuser. Back-Thelensfacestowardtheuser. TheEmulatedsettingproducesasoftware-generatedimage,whilethe Webcamsettingusesyour developmentcomputerwebcamtotakeapicture. Thisoptionisavailableonlyifit'sselectedinthehardwareprofile;it's notavailableforWearOSandAndroidTV. Network:Speed(Advanced) Selectanetworkprotocoltodeterminethespeedofdatatransfer: GSM-GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications HSCSD-High-SpeedCircuit-SwitchedData GPRS-GenericPacketRadioService EDGE-EnhancedDataratesforGSMEvolution UMTS-UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem HSDPA-High-SpeedDownlinkPacketAccess LTE-Long-TermEvolution Full(default)-Transferdataasquicklyasyourcomputerallows. Network:Latency(Advanced) Selectanetworkprotocoltosethowmuchtime(delay)ittakesforthe protocoltotransferadatapacketfromonepointtoanotherpoint. EmulatedPerformance:Graphics Selecthowgraphicsarerenderedintheemulator: Hardware-Useyourcomputergraphicscardforfasterrendering. Software-Emulatethegraphicsinsoftware,whichisusefulifyou're havingaproblemwithrenderinginyourgraphicscard. Automatic-Lettheemulatordecidethebestoptionbasedonyourgraphics card. EmulatedPerformance:Bootoption(Advanced) Coldboot-Startthedeviceeachtimebypoweringupfromthe device-offstate. Quickboot-Startthedevicebyloadingthedevicestatefroma savedsnapshot.Fordetails,see RuntheemulatorwithQuickBoot. EmulatedPerformance:Multi-CoreCPU(Advanced) Selectthenumberofprocessorcoresonyourcomputerthatyou’dlike tousefortheemulator.Usingmoreprocessorcoresspeedsuptheemulator. MemoryandStorage:RAM TheamountofRAMonthedevice.Thisvalueissetbythehardware manufacturer,butyoucanoverrideit,ifneeded,suchasforfaster emulatoroperation.Increasingthesizeusesmoreresourcesonyour computer.TypeaRAMsizeandselectthe units,oneofB(byte),KB(kilobyte),MB(megabyte),GB(gigabyte),or TB(terabyte). MemoryandStorage:VMHeap TheVMheapsize.Thisvalueissetbythehardware manufacturer,butyoucanoverrideit,ifneeded.Typeaheapsizeand selectthe units,oneofB(byte),KB(kilobyte),MB(megabyte),GB(gigabyte),or TB(terabyte).FormoreinformationonAndroidVMs,see MemoryManagementfor DifferentVirtualMachines. MemoryandStorage:InternalStorage Theamountofnonremovablememoryspaceavailableonthedevice.This valueissetbythehardware manufacturer,butyoucanoverrideit,ifneeded.Typeasizeandselectthe units,oneofB(byte),KB(kilobyte),MB(megabyte),GB(gigabyte),or TB(terabyte). MemoryandStorage:SDCard Theamountofremovablememoryspaceavailabletostoredataonthe device.TouseavirtualSDcardmanagedbyAndroidStudio,select Studio-managed,typeasize,andselectthe units,oneofB(byte),KB(kilobyte),MB(megabyte),GB(gigabyte),or TB(terabyte).Aminimumof100MBisrecommendedtousethecamera.To managethespaceinafile,selectExternalfileand click...tospecifythefileandlocation.Formore information,seemksdcardand AVDdatadirectory. DeviceFrame:EnableDeviceFrame Selecttoenableaframearoundtheemulatorwindowthatmimicsthe lookofarealdevice. CustomSkinDefinition(Advanced) Selectaskinthatcontrolswhatthedevicelookslikewhendisplayedin theemulator.Rememberthatspecifyingascreensizethat'stoobigfor theskincanmeanthatthescreeniscutoff,soyoucan'tseethe wholescreen.See Createanemulatorskin formoreinformation. Keyboard:EnableKeyboardInput(Advanced) Selectthisoptionifyouwanttouseyourhardwarekeyboardtointeract withtheemulator.It'sdisabledforWearOSandAndroidTV. Createanemulatorskin AnAndroidemulatorskinisacollectionoffilesthatdefinethevisual andcontrolelementsof anemulatordisplay.IftheskindefinitionsavailableintheAVDsettings don'tmeetyourrequirements, youcancreateyourowncustomskindefinition,andthenapplyittoyourAVD. Eachemulatorskincontains: Ahardware.inifile Layoutfilesforsupportedorientations(landscape,portrait)and physicalconfiguration Imagefilesfordisplayelements,suchasbackground,keysand buttons Tocreateanduseacustomskin: Createanewdirectorywhereyouwillsaveyourskinconfiguration files. Definethevisualappearanceoftheskininatextfilenamed layout.Thisfiledefinesmanycharacteristicsoftheskin, suchasthe sizeandimageassetsforspecificbuttons.Forexample: parts{ device{ display{ width320 height480 x0 y0 } } portrait{ background{ imagebackground_port.png } buttons{ power{ imagebutton_vertical.png x1229 y616 } } } ... } Addthebitmapfilesofthedeviceimagesinthesamedirectory. Specifyadditionalhardware-specificdeviceconfigurationsina hardware.ini fileforthedevicesettings,suchashw.keyboardand hw.lcd.density. Archivethefilesintheskinfolderandselectthearchivefileasa customskin. Formoredetailedinformationaboutcreatingemulatorskins,seethe AndroidEmulatorSkinFileSpecificationinthetoolssourcecode. ContentandcodesamplesonthispagearesubjecttothelicensesdescribedintheContentLicense.JavaandOpenJDKaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofOracleand/oritsaffiliates. Lastupdated2022-01-25UTC. 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