Pride - Wikipedia

Pride is emotional response or attitude to something with an intimate connection to oneself, due to its perceived value. ... Oxford defines it as "the quality of ... Pride FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Positiveaffectfromtheperceivedvalueofaperson Forotheruses,seePride(disambiguation). PartofaseriesonEmotions Affect Classification Inanimals Emotionalintelligence Mood Regulation Interpersonal Dysregulation Valence Emotions Acceptance Admiration Affection Amusement Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Awe Boredom Confidence Confusion Contempt Contentment Courage Curiosity Depression Desire Disappointment Disgust Distrust Doubt Ecstasy Elevation Embarrassment Empathy Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Faith Fear Frustration Gratification Gratitude Greed Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Interest Jealousy Joy Kindness Loneliness Love Lust Nostalgia Outrage Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Relief Remorse Resentment Sadness Self-pity Shame Shock Shyness Socialconnection Sorrow Suffering Surprise Suspicion Trust Wonder Worry vte Allegoryofpride,fromcirca1590–1630,engraving,22.3cmx16.6cm,intheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(NewYorkCity) Prideisemotionalresponseorattitudetosomethingwithanintimateconnectiontooneself,duetoitsperceivedvalue.[citationneeded]Oxforddefinesitas"thequalityofhavinganexcessivelyhighopinionofoneselforone'sownimportance."[1]Thismayberelatedtoone'sownabilitiesorachievements,positivecharacteristicsoffriendsorfamily,orone'scountry.RichardTaylordefinedprideas"thejustifiedloveofoneself",[2]asopposedtofalseprideornarcissism.Similarly,St.Augustinedefineditas"theloveofone'sownexcellence",[3]andMeherBabacalledit"thespecificfeelingthroughwhichegoismmanifests."[4] Philosophersandsocialpsychologistshavenotedthatprideisacomplexsecondaryemotionwhichrequiresthedevelopmentofasenseofselfandthemasteryofrelevantconceptualdistinctions(e.g.thatprideisdistinctfromhappinessandjoy)throughlanguage-basedinteractionwithothers.[5]Somesocialpsychologistsidentifythenonverbalexpressionofprideasameansofsendingafunctional,automaticallyperceivedsignalofhighsocialstatus.[6] Prideissometimesviewedascorruptorasavice,sometimesasproperorasavirtue.Withapositiveconnotation,pridereferstoacontentsenseofattachmenttowardone'sownoranother'schoicesandactions,ortowardawholegroupofpeople,andisaproductofpraise,independentself-reflection,andafulfilledfeelingofbelonging. Withanegativeconnotationpridereferstoafoolishly[7]andirrationallycorruptsenseofone'spersonalvalue,statusoraccomplishments,[8]usedsynonymouslywithhubris. WhilesomephilosopherssuchasAristotle(andGeorgeBernardShaw)considerpride(butnothubris)aprofoundvirtue,someworldreligionsconsiderpride'sfraudulentformasin,suchasisexpressedinProverbs11:2oftheHebrewBible.InJudaism,prideiscalledtherootofallevil.Whenviewedasavirtue,prideinone'sabilitiesisknownasvirtuouspride,thegreatnessofsoulormagnanimity,butwhenviewedasaviceitisoftenknowntobeself-idolatry,sadisticcontempt,vanityorvainglory.Otherpossibleobjectsofprideareone'sethnicity,andone'ssexualidentity(especiallyLGBTpride).[citationneeded] Contents 1Etymology 2AncientGreekphilosophy 3Psychology 3.1Emotion 3.2Positiveoutcomes 3.3Economics 3.4Sinandself-acceptance 3.5Hubrisandgroupnarcissism 4Ethnic 4.1German 4.2Asian 4.3Black 4.4White 5Mad 6LGBT 7Vanity 8Seealso 9Notes 10References 11Furtherreading Etymology[edit] ProudcomesfromlateOldEnglishprut,probablyfromOldFrenchprud"brave,valiant"(11thcentury)(whichbecamepreuxinFrench),fromLateLatintermprodis"useful",whichiscomparedwiththeLatinprodesse"beofuse".[9]Thesenseof"havingahighopinionofoneself",notinFrench,mayreflecttheAnglo-Saxons'opinionoftheNormanknightswhocalledthemselves"proud".[10] AncientGreekphilosophy[edit] Aristotleidentifiedpride(megalopsuchia,variouslytranslatedasproperpride,thegreatnessofsoulandmagnanimity)[11]asthecrownofthevirtues,distinguishingitfromvanity,temperance,andhumility,thus: Nowthemanisthoughttobeproudwhothinkshimselfworthyofgreatthings,beingworthyofthem;forhewhodoessobeyondhisdesertsisafool,butnovirtuousmanisfoolishorsilly.Theproudman,then,isthemanwehavedescribed.Forhewhoisworthyoflittleandthinkshimselfworthyoflittleistemperate,butnotproud;forprideimpliesgreatness,asbeautyimpliesagoodsizedbody,andlittlepeoplemaybeneatandwell-proportionedbutcannotbebeautiful.[12] Heconcludesthenthat Pride,then,seemstobeasortofcrownofthevirtues;foritmakesthemmorepowerful,anditisnotfoundwithoutthem.Thereforeitishardtobetrulyproud;foritisimpossiblewithoutnobilityandgoodnessofcharacter.[13][14] Bycontrast,Aristotledefinedtheviceofhubrisasfollows: tocauseshametothevictim,notinorderthatanythingmayhappentoyou,norbecauseanythinghashappenedtoyou,butmerelyforyourowngratification.Hubrisisnottherequitalofpastinjuries;thisisrevenge.Asforthepleasureinhubris,itscauseisthis:naivementhinkthatbyill-treatingotherstheymaketheirownsuperioritythegreater.[15] Thus,althoughprideandhubrisareoftendeemedthesamething,forAristotleandmanyphilosophershubrisisaltogetheranentirelydifferentthingfrompride. Psychology[edit] Sinceprideisclassifiedasanemotionorpassion,itispridebothcognitiveandevaluativeandthatitsobject,thatwhichitcognizesandevaluates,istheselfanditsproperties,orsomethingtheproudindividualidentifieswith.[8]Likeguiltandshame,itisspecificallydescribedinthefieldasaself-consciousemotionthatresultsfromtheevaluationsoftheselfandone'sbehavioraccordingtointernalandexternalstandards.[16]Thisisfurtherexplainedbythewayprideresultsfromsatisfyingorconformingtoastandardwhileguiltorshameisanoffshootofdefyingit.AnobservationcitesthelackofresearchthataddressespridebecauseitisdespisedaswellasvaluedintheindividualistWestwhereitisexperiencedaspleasurable.[17] Emotion[edit] Inpsychologicalterms,positiveprideis"apleasant,sometimesexhilarating,emotionthatresultsfromapositiveself-evaluation".[18]ItwasaddedbyTracyetal.totheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,SetofEmotionExpressions(UCDSEE)in2009,asoneofthree"self-conscious"emotionsknowntohaverecognizableexpressions(alongwithembarrassmentandshame).[19] Theterm"fiero"wascoinedbyItalianpsychologistIsabellaPoggitodescribetheprideexperiencedandexpressedinthemomentsfollowingapersonaltriumphoveradversity.[20][21]Facialexpressionsandgesturesthatdemonstratepridecaninvolvealiftingofthechin,smiles,orarmsonhipstodemonstratevictory.Individualsmayimplicitlygrantstatustoothersbasedsolelyontheirexpressionsofpride,evenincasesinwhichtheywishtoavoiddoingso.Indeed,somestudiesshowthatthenonverbalexpressionofprideconveysamessagethatisautomaticallyperceivedbyothersaboutaperson'shighsocialstatusinagroup.[6] Behaviorally,pridecanalsobeexpressedbyadoptinganexpandedpostureinwhichtheheadistiltedbackandthearmsextendedoutfromthebody.Thisposturaldisplayisinnateasitisshownincongenitallyblindindividualswhohavelackedtheopportunitytoseeitinothers.[22] Positiveoutcomes[edit] Acommonunderstandingofprideisthatitresultsfromself-directedsatisfactionwithmeetingthepersonalgoals;forexample,Weineretal.havepositedthatpositiveperformanceoutcomeselicitprideinanindividualwhentheeventisappraisedashavingbeencausedbyhimalone.Moreover,Oveisetal.conceptualizeprideasadisplayofthestrongselfthatpromotesfeelingsofsimilaritytostrongothers,aswellasdifferentiationfromweakothers.Seeninthislight,pridecanbeconceptualizedasahierarchy-enhancingemotion,asitsexperienceanddisplayhelpsridnegotiationsofconflict.[23] Prideinvolvesexhilaratedpleasureandafeelingofaccomplishment.Itisrelatedto"morepositivebehaviorsandoutcomesintheareawheretheindividualisproud"(Weiner,1985).Prideisgenerallyassociatedwithpositivesocialbehaviorssuchashelpingothersandoutwardpromotion.Alongwithhope,itisalsooftendescribedasanemotionthatfacilitatesperformanceattainment,asitcanhelptriggerandsustainfocusedandappetitiveefforttoprepareforupcomingevaluativeevents.Itmayalsohelpenhancethequalityandflexibilityoftheeffortexpended(Fredrickson,2001).AccordingtoBagozzietal.,pridecanhavepositivebenefitsofenhancingcreativity,productivity,andaltruism.Forinstance,ithasbeenfoundthatintermsofschoolachievement,prideisassociatedwithahigherGPAinlowneighborhoodsocioeconomicenvironments,whereasinmoreadvantagedneighborhoods,prideisassociatedwithalowerGPA.[24] Economics[edit] Inthefieldofeconomicpsychology,prideisconceptualizedinaspectrumrangingfrom"properpride",associatedwithgenuineachievements,and"falsepride",whichcanbemaladaptiveorevenpathological.Leaetal.haveexaminedtheroleofprideinvariouseconomicsituationsandclaimthatinallcasesprideisinvolvedbecauseeconomicdecisionsarenottakeninisolationfromoneanother,butarelinkedtogetherbytheselfhoodofthepeoplewhotakethem.[25]Understoodinthisway,prideisanemotionalstatethatworkstoensurethatpeopletakefinancialdecisionsthatareintheirlong-terminterests,evenwhenintheshorttermtheywouldappearirrational. Sinandself-acceptance[edit] Seealso:Self-esteem§ Contingentvs.non-contingent Pride,fromtheSevenDeadlySinsbyJacobMathamc.1592. Inordinateself-esteemiscalled"pride".[26]ClassicalChristiantheologyviewsprideasbeingtheresultofhighself-esteem,andthushighself-esteemwasviewedastheprimaryhumanproblem,butbeginninginthe20thcentury,"humanisticpsychology"diagnosedtheprimaryhumanproblemaslowself-esteemstemmingfromalackofbeliefinone's"trueworth".CarlRogersobservedthatmostpeople"regardthemselvesasworthlessandunlovable."Thus,theylackself-esteem.[27] IntheKingJamesBible,peopleexhibitingexcesspridearelabeledwiththeterm,"Haughty". "pridecomesbeforeafall"—1611,KingJamesVersionoftheBible,BookofProverbs,16:18 TerryCooperconceptualizedin2003excessivepride(alongwithlowself-esteem)asanimportantparadigmindescribingthehumancondition.HeexaminesandcomparestheAugustinian-Niebuhrianconvictionthatprideisprimary,thefeministconceptofprideasbeingabsentintheexperienceofwomen,thehumanisticpsychologypositionthatpridedoesnotadequatelyaccountforanyone'sexperience,andthehumanisticpsychologyideathatifprideemerges,itisalwaysafalsefrontdesignedtoprotectanundervaluedself.[28] Heconsidersthattheworkofcertainneo-Freudianpsychoanalysts,namelyKarenHorney,offerspromiseindealingwithwhathecallsa"deadlockbetweentheovervaluedandundervaluedself"(Cooper,112–3). Cooperreferstotheirworkindescribingtheconnectionbetweenreligiousandpsychologicalprideaswellassintodescribehowaneuroticpridesystemunderliesanappearanceofself-contemptandlowself-esteem: The"idealizedself,"the"tyrannyoftheshould,"the"pridesystem"andthenatureofself-hateallpointtowardtheintertwinedrelationshipbetweenneuroticprideandself-contempt.Understandinghowaneuroticpridesystemunderliesanappearanceofself-contemptandlowself-esteem.(Cooper,112–3). Thus,hubris,whichisanexaggeratedformofself-esteem,issometimesactuallyalieusedtocoverthelackofself-esteemthecommitterofpridefeelsdeepdown. Hubrisandgroupnarcissism[edit] Mainarticle:HubrisSeealso:Groupnarcissism Hubrisitselfisassociatedwithmoreintra-individualnegativeoutcomesandiscommonlyrelatedtoexpressionsofaggressionandhostility(Tangney,1999).Asonemightexpect,Hubrisisnotnecessarilyassociatedwithhighself-esteembutwithhighlyfluctuatingorvariableself-esteem.Excessivefeelingsofhubrishaveatendencytocreateconflictandsometimesterminatingcloserelationships,whichhasledittobeunderstoodasoneofthefewemotionswithnoclearpositiveoradaptivefunctions(Rhodwalt,etal.).[citationneeded] SeveralstudiesbyUCDavispsychologistCynthiaPicketaboutgrouppride,haveshownthatgroupsthatboast,gloatordenigrateotherstendtobecomeagroupwithlowsocialstatusortobevulnerabletothreatsfromothergroups.[29]Suggestingthat"hubristic,pompousdisplaysofgrouppridemightbeasignofgroupinsecurityasopposedtoasignofstrength,"shestatesthatthosethatexpresspridebybeingfilledwithhumilitywhilstfocusingonmembers'effortsandhardworktendtoachievehighsocialstandinginboththeadultpublicandpersonaleyes. ResearchfromtheUniversityofSydney,havefoundthathubristicpridewaspositivelycorrelatedwitharroganceandself-aggrandizementandpromotesprejudiceanddiscrimination.Butauthenticpridewasassociatedwithself-confidenceandaccomplishmentandpromotesmorepositiveattitudestowardoutgroupsandstigmatizedindividuals.[30] Ethnic[edit] Theexamplesandperspectiveinthisarticlemaynotrepresentaworldwideviewofthesubject.Youmayimprovethisarticle,discusstheissueonthetalkpage,orcreateanewarticle,asappropriate.(May2010)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) German[edit] TheFatherandMotherbyBoardmanRobinsondepictingWarastheoffspringofGreedandPride. Mainarticle:Germannationalism InGermany,"nationalpride"("Nationalstolz")isoftenassociatedwiththeformerNazism.StrongdisplaysofnationalpridearethereforeconsideredpoortastebymanyGermans.ThereisanongoingpublicdebateabouttheissueofGermanpatriotism.TheWorldCupin2006,heldinGermany,sawawaveofpatriotismsweepthecountryinamannernotseenformanyyears.Althoughmanywerehesitanttoshowsuchblatantsupportasthehangingofthenationalflagfromwindows,astheteamprogressedthroughthetournament,sotoodidthelevelofsupportacrossthenation.[31] Asian[edit] Mainarticle:Asianpride AsianprideinmodernslangrefersmostlytothoseofEastAsiandescent,thoughitcanincludeanyoneofAsiandescent.Asianpridewasoriginallyfragmented,asAsiannationshavehadlongconflictswitheachother,examplesaretheoldJapaneseandChinesereligiousbeliefsoftheirsuperiority.AsianprideemergedprominentlyduringEuropeancolonialism.[32]Atonetime,Europeanscontrolled85%oftheworld'slandthroughcolonialism,resultinginanti-WesternfeelingsamongAsiannations.[32]Today,someAsiansstilllookuponEuropeaninvolvementintheiraffairswithsuspicion.[32]Incontrast,AsianempiresareprominentandareproudlyrememberedbyadherentstoAsianPride. ThereisanemergingdiscourseofChinesepridethatunfoldscomplexhistoriesandmapsofprivilegesandempowerments.Inadeepersense,itisastrategicpositioning,alignedwithapproachessuchas"Asiaasmethod",[33]toinvitemorediverseresistancesinlanguage,culture,andpractices,inchallengingcolonial,imperialdominations,andbeingcriticalofEurocentricepistemologies.[34]Inmorespecificcases,itexaminestheSinophonecirculationsofpowerrelationsconnectingthetransnationaltothelocal,forexample,aparticularsetofChinese-CanadianrelationsbetweenChina'sincreasingindustrialmaterialityandoutputinwhichpridebecomesanexpansionistreachandmobilizationofcapital,Canada'sactiveinterestsintappingintoAsianandChineselabours,markets,andindustrialproductions,andtheintersectedculturalpoliticsof'Chinese-ness'inanEastPacificBritishColumbiacitywhere'Chinese'hasbeentaggedasamajority-minority.[34] Black[edit] Mainarticle:Blackpride BlackprideisasloganusedprimarilyintheUnitedStatestoraiseawarenessforablackracialidentity.ThesloganhasbeenusedbyAfricanAmericansofsub-SaharanAfricanorigintodenoteafeelingofself-confidence,self-respect,celebratingone'sheritage,andbeingproudofone'sworth. White[edit] Mainarticle:Whitepride Whiteprideisasloganmainly(butnotexclusively)usedbywhiteseparatist,whitenationalist,neo-NaziandwhitesupremacistorganizationsintheUnitedStatesforawhiteraceidentity.[35]Whitepridealsoconsistsofwhiteethnic/culturalpride. Mad[edit] Mainarticle:Madpride BedPushatMadPrideparadeinCologne,Germany,in2016 Madprideisaworldwidemovementandphilosophythatmentallyillpeopleshouldbeproudoftheirmadness.Itadvocatesmutualsupportandralliesfortheirrights,[36]andaimstopopularizetheword"mad"asaself-descriptor.[37] LGBT[edit] Mainarticle:Gaypride Prideparade,Düsseldorf2017 Gayprideisaworldwidemovementandphilosophyassertingthatlesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgender(LGBT)individualsshouldbeproudoftheirsexualorientationandgenderidentity.LGBTprideadvocatesequalrightsandbenefitsforLGBTpeople.[38][39][40]Themovementhasthreemainpremises:thatpeopleshouldbeproudoftheirsexualorientationandgenderidentity,thatsexualdiversityisagift,andthatsexualorientationandgenderidentityareinherentandcannotbeintentionallyaltered.[41] Theword"pride"isusedinthiscaseasanantonymfor"shame".Itisanaffirmationofselfandcommunity.ThemoderngaypridemovementbeganaftertheStonewallriotsofthelate1960s.InJune1970,thefirstprideparadeintheUnitedStatescommemoratedtheone-yearanniversaryoftheStonewallriots—thenearlyweek-longuprisingbetweenNewYorkCityyouthandpoliceofficersfollowingaraidofStonewallInn.[42] Vanity[edit] Mainarticle:Vanity Detailof"Pride"inTheSevenDeadlySinsandtheFourLastThingsbyHieronymusBosch Inconventionalparlance,vanitysometimesisusedinapositivesensetorefertoarationalconcernforone'sappearance,attractiveness,anddressandisthusnotthesameaspride.However,italsoreferstoanexcessiveorirrationalbeliefinone'sabilitiesorattractivenessintheeyesofothersandmayinsofarbecomparedtopride.ThetermVanityoriginatesfromtheLatinwordvanitasmeaningemptiness,untruthfulness,futility,foolishnessandemptypride.[43]Hereemptypridemeansafakepride,inthesenseofvainglory,unjustifiedbyone'sownachievementsandactions,butsoughtbypretenseandappealstosuperficialcharacteristics. "AllIsVanity"byC.AllanGilbert,evokingtheinevitabledecayoflifeandbeautytowarddeath JacquesCallot,Pride(Vanity),probablyafter1621 Inmanyreligions,vanityisconsideredaformofself-idolatry,inwhichonerejectsGodforthesakeofone'sownimage,andtherebybecomesdivorcedfromthegracesofGod.ThestoriesofLuciferandNarcissus(whogaveusthetermnarcissism),andothers,attendtoaperniciousaspectofvanity.InWesternart,vanitywasoftensymbolizedbyapeacock,andinBiblicalterms,bytheWhoreofBabylon.DuringtheRenaissance,vanitywasinvariablyrepresentedasanakedwoman,sometimesseatedorrecliningonacouch.Sheattendstoherhairwithacombandmirror.Themirrorissometimesheldbyademonoraputto.Othersymbolsofvanityincludejewels,goldcoins,apurse,andoftenbythefigureofdeathhimself. OftenwefindaninscriptiononascrollthatreadsOmniaVanitas("AllisVanity"),aquotefromtheLatintranslationoftheBookofEcclesiastes.[44]Althoughthatphrase,itselfdepictedinatypeofstilllife,vanitas,originallyreferrednottoanobsessionwithone'sappearance,buttotheultimatefruitlessnessofman'seffortsinthisworld,thephrasesummarizesthecompletepreoccupationofthesubjectofthepicture. "Theartistinvitesustopaylip-servicetocondemningher",writesEdwinMullins,"whileofferingusfullpermissiontodrooloverher.Sheadmiresherselfintheglass,whilewetreatthepicturethatpurportstoincriminateherasanotherkindofglass—awindow—throughwhichwepeerandsecretlydesireher."[45]Thethemeoftherecumbentwomanoftenmergedartisticallywiththenon-allegoricaloneofarecliningVenus. Inhistableofthesevendeadlysins,HieronymusBoschdepictsabourgeoiswomanadmiringherselfinamirrorheldupbyadevil.Behindherisanopenjewelrybox.ApaintingattributedtoNicolasTournier,whichhangsintheAshmoleanMuseum,isAnAllegoryofJusticeandVanity.Ayoungwomanholdsabalance,symbolizingjustice;shedoesnotlookatthemirrorortheskullonthetablebeforeher.Vermeer'sfamouspaintingGirlwithaPearlEarringissometimesbelievedtodepictthesinofvanity,astheyounggirlhasadornedherselfbeforeaglasswithoutfurtherpositiveallegoricalattributes.[46]AllisVanity,byCharlesAllanGilbert(1873–1929),carriesonthistheme.Anopticalillusion,thepaintingdepictswhatappearstobealargegrinningskull.Uponcloserexamination,itrevealsitselftobeayoungwomangazingatherreflectioninthemirror. Suchartisticworksservedtowarnviewersoftheephemeralnatureofyouthfulbeauty,aswellasthebrevityofhumanlifeandtheinevitabilityofdeath. Seealso[edit] Philosophyportal Psychologyportal Confidence Dunning–Krugereffect Grandiosedelusions Haughtiness Hubris Narcissism Overconfidenceeffect Self-servingbias Vanity Accomplishment Groupthink Icaruscomplex Selfishness Sevenvirtues TheSevenDeadlySinsandtheFourLastThings Vanitygallery Victorydisease Notes[edit] ^TheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglishClarendonPress1998 ^Taylor,Richard(1995).RestoringPride:TheLostVirtueofOurAge.PrometheusBooks.ISBN 9781573920247. ^"Estautemsuperbiaamorproprieexcellentie,etfuitinitiumpeccatisuperbia.""Archivedcopy".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2008-11-05.Retrieved2008-11-09.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^Baba,Meher(1967).Discourses.2.SanFrancisco:SufismReoriented.p.72.ISBN 978-1880619094. ^Sullivan,GB(2007)."Wittgensteinandthegrammarofpride:Therelevanceofphilosophytostudiesofself-evaluativeemotions".NewIdeasinPsychology.25(3):233–252.doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.03.003. 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^"WGBHAmericanExperience-InsideAmericanExperience".AmericanExperience.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-04-22.Retrieved2016-02-16. ^"WilliamWhitaker'sWords". ^JamesHall,DictionaryofSubjects&SymbolsinArt(NewYork:Harper&Row,1974),318. ^EdwinMullins,ThePaintedWitch:HowWesternArtistsHaveViewedtheSexualityofWomen(NewYork:Carroll&GrafPublishers,Inc.,1985),62–3. ^"Archivedcopy".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2007-10-11.Retrieved2008-06-21.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) References[edit] Cairns,DouglasL(1996)."Hybris,Dishonour,andThinkingBig"(PDF).JournalofHellenicStudies.116:1–32.doi:10.2307/631953.hdl:20.500.11820/d7c5e485-cef7-490a-b67d-1b1eb4a200ef.JSTOR 631953.S2CID 59361502. MacDowell,Douglas(1976)."HybrisinAthens".GreeceandRome.23:14–31.doi:10.1017/s0017383500018210.S2CID 163033169. Owen,David(2007)TheHubrisSyndrome:Bush,BlairandtheIntoxicationofPowerPolitico's,MethuenPublishingLtd. Furtherreading[edit] JessicaTracy(2016).TakePride:WhytheDeadliestSinHoldstheSecrettoHumanSuccess.HoughtonMifflinHarcourt.ISBN 978-0544273177. vteEmotions(list)Emotions Acceptance Admiration Adoration Aesthetic Affection Agitation Agony Amusement Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Attraction Awe Boredom Calmness Compassion Confidence Confusion Contempt Contentment Courage Cruelty Curiosity Defeat Depression Desire Disappointment Disgust Distrust Doubt Ecstasy Embarrassment vicarious Empathy Emptiness Enthrallment Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Excitement Faith Fear Flow Frustration Gratification Gratitude Greed Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hiraeth Homesickness Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Hygge Hysteria Indulgence Infatuation Insecurity Inspiration Interest Irritation Isolation Jealousy Joy Kindness Loneliness Love limerence Lust Mononoaware Neglect Nostalgia Outrage Panic Passion Pity self-pity Pleasure Pride grandiosity hubris insult vanity Rage Regret Rejection Relief Remorse Resentment Sadness melancholy Saudade Schadenfreude Sehnsucht Sentimentality Shame Shock Shyness Socialconnection Sorrow Spite Stress chronic Suffering Surprise Sympathy Trust Wonder senseofwonder Worry Worldviews Cynicism Defeatism Nihilism Optimism Pessimism Reclusion Weltschmerz Related Affect consciousness ineducation measures inpsychology Affective computing forecasting neuroscience science spectrum Affectivity positive negative Appealtoemotion Emotion andart andmemory andmusic andsex classification evolution expressed functionalaccounts group homeostatic inanimals perception recognition inconversation regulation interpersonal work Emotional aperture bias blackmail competence conflict contagion detachment dysregulation eating exhaustion expression andgender intelligence andbullying intimacy isolation lability labor lateralization literacy prosody reasoning responsivity security symbiosis well-being Emotionality bounded Emotions andculture history indecision-making intheworkplace invirtualcommunication moral self-conscious social socialsharing sociology Feeling Groupaffectivetone Interactionsbetweentheemotionalandexecutivebrainsystems Jealousyinart Meta-emotion Pathognomy Pathos Socialemotionaldevelopment Stoicpassions Theory affect appraisal constructedemotion discreteemotion somaticmarker Italicsindicateemotionnamesinforeignlanguages vteSevendeadlysins Lust Gluttony Greed Sloth Wrath Envy Pride Personscategorizinganddescribingthesins EvagriusPonticus JohnCassian PopeGregoryI DanteAlighieri PeterBinsfeld Inartandculture DivineComedy Inferno Purgatorio TheKeystotheKingdom(bookseries) TheSevenDeadlySins(1585play) TheSevenDeadlySinsandtheFourLastThings(painting) TheSevenDeadlySins(1933ballet) TheSevenDeadlySins(1952film) TheSevenDeadlySins(1962film) TheMuppetShow:SexandViolence(1975) Seven(1995film) FullmetalAlchemist(mangaseries) FullmetalAlchemist(2003anime) FullmetalAlchemist:Brotherhood(2009anime) TheSevenDeadlySins(mangaseries) TheSevenDeadlySinsofModernTimes(painting) Re:Zero−StartingLifeinAnotherWorld(lightnovelseries) Re:Zero−StartingLifeinAnotherWorld(2016anime) FourLastThings(videogame) GraveyardKeeper(2018videogame) Shazam!(comicbook)(SevenDeadlyEnemiesofMan•Shazam!(2019film)) Related SevenHeavenlyVirtues SevenSocialSins Sin Christianviewsonsin ChristianviewsontheOldCovenant Hamartiology  Catholicismportal vteSevenvirtuesinChristianethicsFourcardinalvirtues Prudence(Prudentia) Justice(Iustitia) Fortitude(Fortitudo) Temperance(Temperantia) Sources:Plato Republic,BookIV Cicero Ambrose AugustineofHippo ThomasAquinas Threetheologicalvirtues Faith(Fides) Hope(Spes) Love(Caritas) Sources:PaultheApostle 1Corinthians13 Sevendeadlysins Lust(Luxuria) Gluttony(Gula) Greed(Avaritia) Sloth(Acedia) Wrath(Ira) Envy(Invidia) Pride(Superbia) Source:Prudentius,Psychomachia People:EvagriusPonticus JohnCassian PopeGregoryI DanteAlighieri PeterBinsfeld Relatedconcepts TenCommandments GreatCommandment Eschatology Sin Originalsin OldCovenant Hamartiology Christianphilosophy PrideatWikipedia'ssisterprojects:DefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromCommonsQuotationsfromWikiquoteDatafromWikidata Authoritycontrol:Nationallibraries Latvia Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pride&oldid=1094835529" 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