Genetics and Language - Linguistics - Oxford Bibliographies

The Genetic Architecture of Language ... The view that genetics must contribute to our species' linguistic abilities has existed for many years, ... 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Signinwithyourlibrarycard Pleaseenteryourlibrarycardnumber InThisArticleExpandorcollapsethe"inthisarticle"sectionGeneticsandLanguage IntroductionTheGeneticArchitectureofLanguageGeneralOverviewsRareSpeechandLanguageDisorders FOXP2MutationsinVerbalDyspraxia HearingLossandSignLanguage Epilepsy-AphasiaSpectrumDisorders CommonDisordersofSpeechandLanguage SpecificLanguageImpairment Dyslexia Stuttering NormalVariationinLanguageandSpeech FOXP2andCNTNAP2 Dyslexia-andSLI-associatedGenesintheNormalPopulation LanguageLateralization ASPM,Microcephalin,andLinguisticTone PopulationHistoryEvolutionMethods Heritability LinkageStudies AssociationsStudiesandtheTransmissionDisequilibriumTest(TDT) BehavioralandNeurobiologicalEndophenotypesinGeneticAssociationStudies ExomeandGenomeSequencingandCopy-NumberVariations AnimalModels PhylogeneticTrees,Networks,andPhylogeography InferringDates,DemographicProcesses,andPastSelection BioinformaticToolsandDatabases Backtotop RelatedArticlesExpandorcollapsethe"relatedarticles"sectionabout AboutRelatedArticlesclosepopup AcquisitionofPragmatics AnimalCommunication CriticalPeriods KhoisanLanguages LanguageGeography LanguageinAutismSpectrumDisorders Niger-CongoLanguages SignLanguageLinguistics SpecificLanguageImpairment OtherSubjectAreas AfricanAmericanStudiesAfricanStudiesAmericanLiteratureAnthropologyArchitecturePlanningandPreservationArtHistoryAtlanticHistoryBiblicalStudiesBritishandIrishLiteratureBuddhismChildhoodStudiesChineseStudiesCinemaandMediaStudiesClassicsCommunicationCriminologyEcologyEducationEnvironmentalScienceEvolutionaryBiologyGeographyHinduismInternationalLawInternationalRelationsIslamicStudiesJewishStudiesLatinAmericanStudiesLatinoStudiesLiteraryandCriticalTheoryManagementMedievalStudiesMilitaryHistoryMusicPhilosophyPoliticalSciencePsychologyPublicHealthRenaissanceandReformationSocialWorkSociologyUrbanStudiesVictorianLiterature ForthcomingArticlesExpandorcollapsethe"forthcomingarticles"section BilingualLexicography HistoricalPragamatics LanguageIsolates Findmoreforthcomingarticles...   Feedback Print ExportCitations Cite Emailthiscontent ShareLink Copythislink,orclickbelowtoemailittoafriend Emailthiscontent orcopythelinkdirectly: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199772810/obo-9780199772810-0184.xml Thelinkwasnotcopied.Yourcurrentbrowsermaynotsupportcopyingviathisbutton. LinkcopiedsuccessfullyCopylink ShareThis GeneticsandLanguage byDanDediu,SarahGrahamLASTREVIEWED:30August2022LASTMODIFIED:27March2014DOI:10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0184 Introduction Thisarticlesurveyswhatiscurrentlyknownaboutthecomplexinterplaybetweengeneticsandthelanguagesciences.Itfocusesnotonlyonthegeneticarchitectureoflanguageandspeech,butalsoontheirinteractionsontheculturalandevolutionarytimescales.Giventhecomplexityoftheseissuesandtheircurrentstateoffluxandhighdynamism,thisarticlesurveysthemainfindingsandtopicsofinterestwhilealsobrieflyintroducingthemainrelevantmethods,thusallowingtheinterestedreadertofullyappreciateandunderstandthemintheirpropercontext.Ofcourse,notalltherelevantpublicationsandresourcesarementioned,butthisarticleaimstoselectthemostrelevant,promising,oraccessiblefornonspecialists.Themainauthorofthisarticle,DanDediu,wasfundedbytheNWO(NetherlandsOrganisationforScientificResearch)VidiGrantno.276-70-022.TheauthorsalsowanttothankthemembersoftheLanguageandGeneticsDepartment,MaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguistics,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands,forhelpfulsuggestions. TheGeneticArchitectureofLanguage Theviewthatgeneticsmustcontributetoourspecies’linguisticabilitieshasexistedformanyyears,asillustratedbyChomsky1959andLenneberg1967,withPinkerandBloom1990offeringaninfluentialevolutionarypointofview.However,thediscoveryofconcretegeneticinfluencesonlanguagehadtoawaitthedevelopmentofmodernDNAtechnologies.Ashasbeenthecaseformanyaspectsofhumanbiology,thefirstinsightsintothegeneticbasisoflanguagehavecomefromthestudyofdisorders,discussedindetailinthesectionsRareSpeechandLanguageDisordersandCommonDisordersofSpeechandLanguage.Theclassificationofdisordersasrareorcommonverylikelyreflectstheunderlyingarchitecture—rarediseasestendtobecausedbysinglemutationsoflargeeffectwithinoneparticulargene,whilecommononeshavemoreheterogeneousgeneticarchitecturesinvolvingcommonvariantswithsmalleffect,aswellasrarevariantsinanumberofdifferentgenes.Whileraredisorderscanclearlybeclassifiedasabnormal,thegeneticarchitectureofcommondisordersputsthemonaspectrumwithnormalvariation.Discussionsofthegeneticarchitecturesofcomplextraitsandcommonneurodevelopmentaldisorders,ausefulcontextinwhichtounderstandlanguageandspeech,areprovidedinBetancur2011andDurandandRappold2013. Betancur,C.2011.Etiologicalheterogeneityinautismspectrumdisorders:Morethan100geneticandgenomicdisordersandstillcounting.BrainResearch1380:42–77. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078Discussionofgeneticfindingsrelatingtoautism,acommonneurodevelopmentaldisorderthatincludescommunicationdifficultiesandhasahighlyheterogeneousgeneticunderpinning. Chomsky,Noam.1959.AreviewofB. F.Skinner’sverbalbehavior.Language1:26–58. DOI:10.2307/411334Thiswell-knownpaper,whichgeneratedarevolutionincognitivescience,arguesforabiologicalbasisforlanguage. Durand,C.,andG. A.Rappold.2013.Heightmatters:Frommonogenicdisorderstonormalvariation.NatureReviews.Endocrinology9.3:171–177. DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2012.251Thisreviewtakesheightasanexampleofaheritabletraitinfluencedbybothcommonandraregeneticvariants.Giventhatheighthasseveralhighlydesirablepropertiesinaphenotypeanditsgeneticbasisisrelativelywellunderstood,thearticleprovidesaveryusefulbackgroundagainstwhichtounderstandtheissuesfacedwhenoneisstudyingthegeneticsoflanguageandspeech. Lenneberg,EricH.1967.Biologicalfoundationsoflanguage.NewYork:Wiley.Averyimportantearlybookarguingforabiologicalbasisforlanguage,reviewingseveralstrandsofevidencesuchastheproposedexistenceofacriticalperiodforlanguageacquisitionandlanguagepathologies. Pinker,S.,andP.Bloom.1990.Naturallanguageandnaturalselection.BehavioralandBrainSciences13:707–784. DOI:10.1017/S0140525X00081061Aseminalargumentthatlanguageisaproductofnaturalselection,thisarticleassumesthatthereisageneticbasisforlanguage.Someoftheseassumptions,however,mightseemrathersimple,givenwhatwecurrentlyknowaboutthegeneticfoundationsoflanguageandspeech. backtotop Userswithoutasubscriptionarenotabletoseethefullcontenton thispage.Pleasesubscribeorlogin. HowtoSubscribe OxfordBibliographiesOnlineisavailablebysubscriptionandperpetualaccesstoinstitutions.FormoreinformationortocontactanOxfordSalesRepresentativeclickhere. Linguistics AboutLinguistics» MeettheEditorialBoard» JumptoOtherArticles: Article Up AcceptabilityJudgments Acquisition,SecondLanguage,andBilingualism,Psycholin... 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