Battle Royale (film) - Wikipedia

Since the film's release, the term "battle royale" has been redefined to refer to a fictional narrative genre and/or mode of entertainment inspired by the film, ... BattleRoyale(film) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch 2000Japaneseactionthrillerfilm BattleRoyaleJapantheatricalreleaseposterJapaneseバトル・ロワイアル DirectedbyKinjiFukasakuScreenplaybyKentaFukasakuBasedonBattleRoyalebyKoushunTakamiProducedby MasaoSato MasumiOkada TeruoKamaya TetsuKayama[1] Starring TatsuyaFujiwara AkiMaeda TakeshiKitano ChiakiKuriyama TarōYamamoto MasanobuAndō KouShibasaki CinematographyKatsumiYanagishima[1]EditedbyHirohideAbe[1]MusicbyMasamichiAmano[1]ProductioncompanyBattleRoyaleProductionCommittee[1][2]DistributedbyToeiCompany[1][2]Releasedate December 16, 2000 (2000-12-16) Runningtime113minutes[3]CountryJapanLanguageJapaneseBudget$4.5millionBoxoffice$30.6million(est.) BattleRoyale(バトル・ロワイアル,BatoruRowaiaru)isa2000Japaneseaction-thrillerfilm[4][5]directedbyKinjiFukasaku,withascreenplaywrittenbyKentaFukasaku,basedonthe1999novelbyKoushunTakami.StarringTatsuyaFujiwara,AkiMaeda,TarōYamamoto,andTakeshiKitano,thefilmfollowsagroupofjuniorhigh-schoolstudentsthatareforcedtofighttothedeathbytheJapanesetotalitariangovernment.Thefilmdrewcontroversy,andwasbannedorexcludedfromdistributioninseveralcountries;[6][7]ToeiCompanyrefusedtosellthefilmtoanyUnitedStatesdistributorforoveradecadeduetoconcernsaboutpotentialcontroversyandlawsuits,untilAnchorBayEntertainmenteventuallyacquiredthefilmin2010foradirect-to-videorelease.[8] ThefilmwasfirstscreenedinTokyoonmorethan200screensonDecember16,2000,withanR15+rating,whichisrarelyusedinJapan.[9][10][11]Itwasthehighest-grossingJapanese-languagefilmforsixweeksafteritsinitialrelease,anditwaslaterreleasedin22countriesworldwide,[6][12]grossingover$30millionintencountries.Thefilmearnedcriticalacclaimand,especiallywithitsDVDreleases,drewalargeglobalcultfollowing.ItisoftenregardedasoneofFukasaku'sbestfilms,andoneofthebestfilmsofthe2000s.In2009,filmmakerQuentinTarantinopraisedBattleRoyaleashisfavoritefilmofthepasttwodecades.[13][14] BattleRoyalewasthelastfilmtobedirectedbyFukasaku.HealsostartedworkingonthesequeltitledBattleRoyaleII:Requiem,butdiedofprostatecanceronJanuary12,2003,aftershootingonlyonescenewithKitano.HissonKentaFukasaku,whowrotethescreenplayforbothfilms,completedthefilmin2003. BattleRoyalebecameaculturalphenomenon,andisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialfilmsinrecentdecades,havingbeenhighlyinfluentialinglobalpopularculture.Sincethefilm'srelease,theterm"battleroyale"hasbeenredefinedtorefertoafictionalnarrativegenreand/ormodeofentertainmentinspiredbythefilm,whereaselectgroupofpeopleareinstructedtokilleachotheroffuntilthereisatriumphantsurvivor.Ithasinspirednumerousmedia,includingfilms,books,animation,comics,televisionshows,visualnovels,andvideogames;thebattleroyalegamegenre,forexample,isbasedonthefilm'sconcept. Contents 1Plot 2Cast 3Production 3.1Casting 3.2Creativeprocess 3.3Music 4Theatricalrelease 4.1Controversies 4.2Releases 4.3Specialedition 4.43Dtheatricalre-release 5Homemedia 5.1Saseboslashingcontroversy 5.2Limitededitionrelease 5.3UnitedStatesrelease 6Reception 6.1Boxoffice 6.2Criticalreception 6.3Socialandpoliticalinterpretations 6.4Accolades 7Legacy 7.1Sequel 7.2Remakeplans 7.3AmericanTVseries 8Culturalimpact 8.1Filmandtelevision 8.2Comics,mangaandanime 8.3Videogamesandvisualnovels 9Seealso 10References 11Externallinks Plot[edit] Inthenear-future,followingamajorrecession,theJapanesegovernmenthaspassedthe"BRACT"tocurbthenation'sjuveniledelinquency.MiddleschoolstudentShuyaNanaharacopeswithlifeafterhisfathercommittedsuicide.Theirteacher,Kitano,resignsafterbeingwoundedbyYoshitokiKuninobu,Shuya'sbestfriend. Oneyearlater,Shuya'sclasstakesafieldtrip,buttheyaregassedandtakentoaremoteisland.KitanoreappearssurroundedbyJSDFsoldiers,explainingthattheclasswaschosentoparticipateintheannualBattleRoyaleasaresultoftheAct:theyhavethreedaystofighttothedeathuntilavictoremerges;explosivecollarswillkilluncooperativestudentsorthosewithin"dangerzones".Eachstudentisprovidedrations,amap,supplies,andarandomweapon.Kitanokillstwoofthestudentsfordisobedience,oneofthembeingKuninobu. Thefirstsixhoursseetwelvedeaths,fourbysuicide.ThepsychoticMitsukoSoumaandpsychopathicKazuoKiriyamabecomethemostdangerousplayerstoothersinthegame.TransferstudentShogoKawadaletsShuyagoafterkillingonestudent,whileShuyaaccidentallykillsanotherstudent.BasketballplayerShinjiMimuraplotstohackintothecomputersystemtodisrupttheprogram. Amidshiftingloyaltiesandviolentconfrontations,ShuyapromisestokeepNorikoNakagawasafe,feelingitadutytohisfallenfriend,asKuninobusecretlylovedher.KawadarevealstothepairthathewonapreviousBattleRoyaleatthecostofhisgirlfriend,whosedeathheseekstoavenge.KiriyamaattacksandShuyaiswoundedbyhisUzi.HeissavedbyHirokiSugimura,whohadhisbestfrienddieinhisarms. Shuyaawakensintheisland'slighthouse,bandagedbyYukieUtsumi,whohasacrushonhim.Fiveothergirlsarealsohidinginthebuilding.Oneofthem,Yuko,attemptstopoisonhimoutoffearofhimkillingthem.However,Yukaaccidentallyeatsthefood,leadingtoashootoutbetweenthegirls.Yukoistheonlysurvivor;horrified,shecommitssuicide.Shuya,NorikoandKawadasetouttofindMimura. KiriyamakillsMitsuko,makingNorikothelastsurvivinggirl.Mimura,withtwoothers,infiltratestheJSDF'scomputersystem.Kiriyamakillsthem,butnotbeforeMimurauseshishomemadebombtoblowupthebasetohideallevidence.Whenthetrioarrivesattheburningbase,KawadakillsKiriyama,whohadhiseyesburnedoutbytheexplosion,butinturnisinjuredbyhisUzi. Onthefinalday,Kawada,awareofthecollars'internalmicrophones,seeminglykillsShuyaandNorikobyshootingthem.Suspicious,Kitanoendsthegame,intentonpersonallykillingthevictor.HerealizesthatKawadahackedthesystemmonthsbeforehand,anddisabledShuyaandNoriko'strackingdevices.ThetrioconfrontsKitanointhecontrolroom,andheunveilsahomemadepaintingofthemassacredclassdepictingNorikoasthesolesurvivor.Herevealsthathewasunabletobearthehatredbetweenhimandhisstudents,havingbeenrejectedbyhisowndaughter,andconfessesthathealwaysthoughtofNorikoasadaughter.Heaskshertokillhim,butShuyashootshimafterhethreatensher.Kitano'sdaughtercallshim;afteranargument,hediesofhiswounds. Thetrioleavestheislandonaboat,butKawadadiesfromhisinjuries,happythathefoundfriendship.ShuyaandNorikoaredeclaredfugitives,lastseenontheruntowardShibuyaStation.NorikogivesShuyatheSetoDragonClawbutterflyknifeKuninobuusedtoinjureKitanoatthebeginningastheyfleetogether. Cast[edit] Seealso:ListofBattleRoyalecharacters TatsuyaFujiwaraasShuyaNanahara AkiMaedaasNorikoNakagawa TarōYamamotoasShogoKawada TakeshiKitanoasKitano MasanobuAndōasKazuoKiriyama KouShibasakiasMitsukoSouma ChiakiKuriyamaasTakakoChigusa TakashiTsukamotoasShinjiMimura YutakaShimadaasYutakaSeto SousukeTakaokaasHirokiSugimura EriIshikawaasYukieUtsumi HitomiHyugaasYukoSakaki YukihiroKotaniasYoshitokiKuninobu SayakaIkedaasMegumiEto TakayoMimuraasKayokoKotohiki MinamiasKeikoOnuki YūkoMiyamuraasTrainingVideoGirl Production[edit] Casting[edit] Roughly6,000actorsauditionedforthefilm,whichwasnarroweddownto800potentialcastmembers.Thesefinalistsweresubjectedtoa6-monthperiodofphysicalfitnesstrainingundersupervisionofthedirector,KinjiFukasaku,whoeventuallycast42outofthe800.[15] Despitethecharactersbeingmiddleschoolstudents,AkiMaeda,YukihiroKotani,TakayoMimura,YukariKanasawaweretheonlyfourwhowereaged15to16yearsold.Theothermembersofthecasthadallgraduatedfromsecondaryeducation,andTarōYamamotoandMasanobuAndōweretheoldestamongtheactors,aged25.[16] Theactor–director–comedianTakeshiKitano(alsoknownasBeatTakeshi)wascastintheroleoftheteacher.Hiscastingservedseveralpurposes.AsoneofthemostsuccessfulJapanesecelebritiesofthelastfewdecades,bothdomesticallyandinternationally,hehelpeddrawalargeaudiencetothefilm.Andmorevividly,hewasarealgameshowpresenter,knownforhostingpopularJapanesegameshowssuchasTakeshi'sCastle(1986–1990),addingasenseofpotentialrealismtothefilm'sextremegameshowconcept.[17] Creativeprocess[edit] KinjiFukasakustatedthathedecidedtodirectthefilmbecausethenovelitwasadaptedfromremindedhimofhistimeasa15-year-oldmunitionsfactoryworkerduringWorldWarII.Atthattime,hisclasswasmadetoworkinamunitionsfactory.InJuly1945,thefactorycameunderartilleryfire.Thechildrencouldnotescapesotheydivedundereachotherforcover.Thesurvivingmembersoftheclasshadtodisposeofthecorpses.Atthatpoint,FukasakurealisedthattheJapanesegovernmentwaslyingaboutWorldWarII,andhedevelopedaburninghatredofadultsingeneralthathemaintainedforalongtimeafterwards.[18] BeatTakeshitoldadocumentarycrewduringfilmingthathebelieves"anactor'sjobistosatisfythedirector ...ImovethewayI'mtoldto.ItrytolookthewayI'mtoldto.Idon'tknowmuchabouttheemotionalside",beforeadding,"Mr.Fukasakutoldmetoplaymyself.Ididnotreallyunderstand,buthetoldmetoplaymyself,asIordinarilywouldbe!I'mjusttryingtodowhathetellsme."[19] WhenaskedinaninterviewwithTheMidnightEyeifthefilmis"awarningoradvicetotheyoung",KinjiFukasakurespondedbydescribingthewords"warning"and"advice"as"soundingverystrongtome"asiftheywereactionswhichonetriestoaccomplish;thereforethefilmwouldnotbe"particularlyawarningoradvice."Fukasakuexplainedthatthefilm,whichhedescribesas"afable",includesthemes,suchascrimebyyoungpeople,whichinJapan"areverymuchrealmodernissues."Fukasakusaidthathedidnothavealackofconcernoralackofinterest;heusedthethemesaspartofhisfable.WhentheinterviewertoldFukasakuthatheaskedthequestionspecificallybecauseoftheword"run"intheconcludingtext,whichtheinterviewerdescribedas"verypositive",Fukasakuexplainedthathedevelopedtheconceptthroughoutthefilm.Fukasakuinterpretedtheinterviewer'squestionashaving"astrongermeaning"than"asimplemessage."Hefurtherexplainedthatthefilmsimplycontainshis"wordstothenextgeneration",sotheviewershoulddecidewhethertotakethewordsasadviceorasawarning.[18][20] Music[edit] ThefilmscoreofBattleRoyalewascomposed,arrangedandconductedbyMasamichiAmano,performedbytheWarsawPhilharmonicOrchestraandfeaturesseveralpiecesofWesternclassicalmusicalongwithAmano'soriginalcompositions.Thechoralmovementusedinthefilm'sovertureandoriginaltraileristhe"DiesIrae"fromGiuseppeVerdi'sRequiem. Thesongusedduringtheendcredits,"ShizukanaHibinoKaidano"bytheraprockbandDragonAsh,isnotincludedineithertheJapaneseorFrencheditionofthesoundtrack.[21] BattleRoyaleOriginalSoundtrackSoundtrackalbumbyMasamichiAmanoandtheWarsawPhilharmonicOrchestraReleased December 20, 2000 (2000-12-20) RecordedOctober5–6,2000GenreClassical,soundtrackLength71minutesLabelProject-TCulturalPublications Tracklisting BattleRoyaleOriginalSoundtrackNo.TitleLength1.""Requiem"(Verdi)~Diesirae"(「レクイエム」(ヴェルディ)~プロローグ)6:382."MillenniumEducationReformAct(BRAct)"(新世紀教育改革法(BR法))3:013."Teacher"(戦慄の教師)3:284."TheGameBegins"(ゲーム開始)4:275."Memory"(施設の想い出)2:456."SlaughterHouse"(殺戮者たち)3:327."RadetzkyMarch(Strauss)"(ラデツキー行進曲(J.シュトラウス1世))1:408."CeuxQuiOntPrisGoûtAuJeuEtCeuxQuiOntAbandonné"(ゲームに乗った者,そして降りた者)4:379."BlueDanubeWaltz(Strauss)"(美しく青きドナウ(J.シュトラウス2世))1:2110."Escape"(七原と典子の逃避行)1:4611."NanaharaandNorikoFriendship"(友情~盗聴)2:1512."AufdemWasserzusingen"(水の上で歌う(シューベルト))2:3613."Kawada'sTheme"(悲しみの勝利者)2:1814."KiriyamaAttacks"(桐山の襲撃)4:3015."Mimura'sDetermination"(三村の決意)1:1316."UtsumiandNanahara~PoisonMedicine"(幸枝と七原~毒薬)5:2917."TheWaroftheGirls,withoutFaithnorLaw"(少女たちの仁義無き戦い)4:2818."Reunion"(再会)2:0919."AirfromOrchestralSuiteNo.3inDMajor(Bach)"(G線上のアリア(バッハ))2:3220."THETHIRDMAN"(THETHIRDMAN)3:3321."TeacherandStudents/FinalBattle"(教師と生徒/ファイナル・バトル)1:5622."BitterVictory"(苦い勝利)2:1723."ANewJourney"(新たなる旅立ち)2:17 Theatricalrelease[edit] Controversies[edit] FukasakuoriginallyopposedtheR15+ratinggivenbytheEigaRinriKanriIinkai(Eirin)becauseofFukasaku'sexperiencesasateenager,thenovel'suseof15-year-olds,andthefactthatmanyoftheactorswerearoundfifteenyearsofage.AfterhesubmittedanappealandbeforeEigaRinriKanriIinkaicouldruleontheappeal,membersoftheNationalDietsaidthatthefilmharmedteenagers;theDietmembersalsocriticisedthefilmindustryratings,whichwereapartofself-regulationbytheJapanesefilmindustry.FukasakudroppedtheappealtoappeasetheJapaneseDietinhopestheywouldnotpursueincreasingfilmregulationfurther.[18][20]Fukasakucriticizedtherulingsincethefilmwasalreadyblockedfrompeopleunder16yearsofage.[22] Thefilmwaslabeled"crudeandtasteless"bymembersofNationalDietandothergovernmentofficialsafterthefilmwasscreenedforthembeforeitsgeneralrelease.[23]FukasakustatedthattheDietmembershadpreconceivedbiases,makingthemunabletounderstandthepointsofthefilm.[22]Thefilmcreatedadebateovergovernmentactiononmediaviolence.Atonepoint,directorKinjiFukasakugaveapressstatementdirectedattheagegroupofthefilm'scharacters,saying"youcansneakin,andIencourageyoutodoso."[24]Manyconservativepoliticiansusedthefilmtoblamepopularcultureforayouthcrimewave.IlyaGargerofTimemagazinesaidthatBattleRoyalereceived"freepublicity"andreceived"box-officesuccessusuallyreservedforcartoonsandTV-dramaspin-offs."[6]TheJapanesereactiontothefilmintheearly2000shasbeencomparedtotheBritishoutrageoverAClockworkOrangeintheearly1970s.[2]Fukasakustatedthathefeltdiscomfortwithiteventhoughpublicityincreasedduetothecontroversy.[22] CriticsnotetherelationofBattleRoyaletotheincreasinglyextremetrendinAsiancinemaanditssimilaritytorealitytelevision.[25] Forelevenyears,thefilmwasneverofficiallyreleasedintheUnitedStatesorCanada,exceptforscreeningsatvariousfilmfestivals.[citationneeded]ThefilmwasscreenedtoatestaudienceintheU.S.duringtheearly2000s,notlongaftertheColumbineHighSchoolmassacre,resultinginanegativereactiontothefilm'scontent.[26]AccordingtothebookJapaneseHorrorCinema,"ConsciousoftheColumbinesyndrome,whichalsoinfluencedthereceptionofTheMatrix(1999),muchofthetestaudienceforBattleRoyalecondemnedthefilmforits'mindless'andgratuitousviolenceintermsveryreminiscentoftheBritishattitudetowardsSamPeckinpah'sStrawDogs(1971)onitsinitialrelease."[27] NoNorthAmericandistributionagreementforthefilmhadeverbeenreachedduetomyriadcorporateandlegalconcernsonthepartsofboththeJapaneseToeiCompanyandprospectiveNorthAmericanstudios,despitemutualinterest.[28]Itwassaidin2005byarepresentativeofaprospectiveU.S.distributorthatJapaneseexecutivesfromtheToeiCompanywereadvisedbyAmericanlawyerswhoattendedtestscreeningsintheearly2000sthat"they'dgotojail"hadthefilmbeenmass-releasedintheUnitedStatesatthetime.[26][29]Inthecompany'sbestinterests,Toeiattachedprohibitiverules,costs,andlegalcriteriatoanypossibleNorthAmericandistributiondeal.ToeirepresentativeHideyukiBabastatedthatthereasonfor"withholdingdistribution"inNorthAmericawas"duetothepicture'scontentsandtheme."ArepresentativeforaprospectiveUSdistributorcriticisedToeiforexpectingawidereleaseratherthanalimitedarthouserun,notingthat"intheUSitwillnevergetpasttheMPAAratingsboard,andthemajortheaterchainswillneverplayitun-rated.IfyoucutitenoughtogetanRratingthere'dbenothingleft."[30] InApril2013,thefilmwasbannedinGermany,[31]butsubsequentlythebanwasliftedfollowinganobjectionbytheGermandistributorCapelightPictures.[32] Releases[edit] BattleRoyalewasreleasedonDecember16,2000,inJapan.[10][11]Overthenexttwoyears,BattleRoyalewasdistributedtocinemasin22countries,[6]acrossAsia,Australia,Europe,andSouthAmerica(inadditiontoMexico),gainingearlycultfilmfollowingsinFrance,theUnitedKingdom,Germany,Spain,andthePhilippines.[citationneeded]ThefirstshowingintheUSwasatthePacificFilmArchiveinBerkeley,California,in2002.[33] Theoriginal113-minuteversionofthefilmbeganitsfirstNorthAmericantheatricalrunattheCinefamilyTheaterinLosAngelesonDecember24,2011–11yearsafteritsoriginalJapaneserelease.[34]Theplanned9-dayrunwasextendedanother6daysduetopopulardemand.[35]Beginninginearly2012,thefilmhasbeenpubliclyexhibitedatscreeningsinmanyAmericanuniversities,includingthoseinWisconsin,Oklahoma,TexasandMassachusetts,withaNewYorkCityrunattheIFCCenterthatbeganonMay25,2012.AsofJune2012,ithasbeenregularlyshowingattheProjectionBoothTheatre,siteoftheformerGerrardCinemainToronto,Ontario,Canada.[36][37][38]TheClevelandCinemathequealsoheldascreeningofthefilmonApril3,2012.[39] Specialedition[edit] Aspecialeditionofthefilmwasreleasedaftertheoriginalwhichhaseightextraminutesofrunningtime.Unusually,theextramaterialincludesscenesnewlyfilmedafterthereleaseoftheoriginal.Insertedscenesinclude(butarenotlimitedto): Flashbackstoabasketballgamewhichisusedasaframeworkfortheentirestory. AflashbackthatexpandsonalikelycontributortoMitsukoSouma'smentalillnessorsociopathy.Shecomeshomefromschooltofindhermotherdrunkwithastrangeman,whotriestomolesther.Shethenpusheshimdownthestaircasetohisdeath. Threeepilogues(referredtoas"requiems").Thefirstisanextensionofthebasketballscene,showingthestudentsofClass3-Bwinningtheirgame.ItalsospotlightsMitsuko'sapparentsocialanxietyandalienationfromtheclassmatesin3-B.ThesecondisavisionofNobutellingShuyatotakecareofNoriko(areplayofahallucinationseenearlierinthespecialversionofthefilm).ThethirdisascenebetweenKitanoandNoriko,whotalkcasuallybyariverbank;partsofthisscene(adreamsequence)alsoappearintheoriginalversionofthefilm,butwiththedialoguemutedwhereasintherequiemitisaudibleandrevealsafriendshiporotherrelationshipthatmayormaynothaveexistedbetweenNorikoandKitano. Addedshotsofthelighthouseaftertheshoot-out. Addedreactionshotsintheclassroom,andextensionstoexistingshots. ExtraCGIthroughoutthefilm. 3Dtheatricalre-release[edit] Thefilmwasreleasedtotheatersin3DinJapanonNovember20,2010.Fukasaku'ssonandthefilm'sscreenwriter,KentaFukasaku,oversawtheconversion.[40]The3DversionwasalsoscreenedattheGlasgowFilmFestivalon24February2011.[41]AnchorBayEntertainmentplannedtoreleasethe3DversionintheUnitedStatessometimein2011,[42]butthereleasewascancelled.[34] Homemedia[edit] Saseboslashingcontroversy[edit] ThecreatorsofthesequelpostponedthereleaseoftheDVD(originallyscheduledforJune9,2004)tolaterthatyearbecauseoftheSaseboslashing,inwhichthekillerhadreadBattleRoyale.[43] Limitededitionrelease[edit] ArrowVideoreleasedthefilmonBlu-rayandDVDinalimitededitionversionintheUnitedKingdomonDecember13,2010,asathree-disccollector'seditionset,featuringbothcutsofthefilm.TheDVDversionwaslimitedto5,000copies.TheBlu-rayversionwasinitiallybeingreleasedaslimitedto5,000copiesbutduetothelargevolumeofpre-orderswasincreasedto10,000copies.ThelimitededitionBlu-rayisregion-free,meaningitcanplayonBlu-rayplayersworldwide.[44]TheDVDisalsoregion-free.[45] In2021,ArrowVideoannouncedanewlimitededitionBlu-rayand4KUltraHDBlu-rayboxsetfeaturingbothcutsofthefilminanew4Krestoration,aswellasbothcutsofthesequelonBlu-ray. UnitedStatesrelease[edit] Foralongtime,ToeirefusedtosellthefilmtoaUnitedStatesdistributor,becauseToeiworriedthatthefilmwouldgetinvolvedinlegaltroublesintheUnitedStates.[8]Eventually,Toeiagreedtosellthefilm'sUnitedStatesrightstoAnchorBayEntertainmentin2010.[8] AnofficialDVDandBlu-rayeditionofthefilm(anditssequel)wasreleasedinNorthAmericaonMarch20,2012,byAnchorBayEntertainment.[46]Thefilmisavailableinastandardeditionfeaturingthetwofilmsanda4-discCompleteCollectionthatfeaturesboththeSpecialEdition(labelledtheDirector'sCut)andthetheatricalversionofthefirstfilm,thesequel,andadiscofbehind-the-scenesmaterial. Reception[edit] Boxoffice[edit] Duringthefirstweekend,itgrossed¥212million($1.8million).[9]Itwentontodomesticallygross¥3.11billion[47][48]($28.9million),[49]makingitthethirdhighest-grossingJapanesefilmof2001,aftertheanimefilmsSpiritedAwayandPokémon4Ever.[50] IntheUnitedKingdom,thefilmsold56,758tickets(including56,182ticketsin2001and576ticketsfromlaterlimitedre-releasesby2017),[51]equivalenttoaboxofficegrossrevenueofapproximately£236,910[52]($305,614). InsevenotherEuropeancountries,thefilmsold156,676tickets(including113,220ticketsinFrance,[53]and43,456ticketsinsixotherEuropeancountries)between2001and2017,[51]equivalenttoaboxofficegrossrevenueofapproximately€877,386[54]($991,446). Thefilmalsogrossed$339,954inSouthKorea,Chile,andArgentina,[55]inadditionto$26,099inTaiwan.[56]Thisbringsthefilm'sestimatedworldwidegrossrevenuetoapproximately$30,560,744inthesethirteencountries(equivalentto$52millionadjustedforinflationin2018[57]). Criticalreception[edit] OnthereviewaggregatorwebsiteRottenTomatoes,88%of48critics'reviewsarepositive,withanaverageratingof7.5/10.Thewebsite'sconsensusreads,"BattleRoyaleisacontroversialandviolentparableofadolescence,heighteningteenagemelodramawithlife-or-deathstakes."[58]Metacriticassignedthefilmaweightedaveragescoreof81outof100basedonsevencritics,indicating"universalacclaim."[59]RobertKoehlerofVarietycommented,"Giventhemostbasiccharacterstoworkwith,themostlyteencastattacksthematerialwithfrighteninggusto,andFujiwaradutifullyinvokesthevoiceofinnermoralconflict.Productionisexceedinglyhandsomeandvigorous,offeringnosignthatFukasakuisslowingdown."Hestatedthat,"returningtohisrootsasJapan'smaestroofmayhem,KinjiFukasakuhasdelivered"oneof"hismostoutrageousandtimelyfilms",comparingitto"theoutrageoveryouthviolence"thatStanleyKubrick'sAClockworkOrange"generatedinearly-'70sBritain"andfeaturingsomeof"themoststartlingscenesofmayhemsincethemoviesofthewildandbloody'70s."[2]JasonKorsnerofBBCNewsgaveBattleRoyalefouroutoffivestars,statingthatitis"aheart-stoppingactionfilm,teachingustheworthylessonsofdiscipline,teamwork,anddetermination,butwrappingthemupinadeliberatelyprovocative,shockinglyviolentpackage."BBCusersgavethefilmfiveoutoffivestars.[60]AlmarHaflidasonofBBCalsogavethefilmfiveoutoffivestars.[61]InareviewforEmpire,criticKimNewmangavethefilmfourstarsoutoffive.HecomparedittoLordoftheFliesinhowitmakesaudiences"wonderwhattheywoulddointhesamesituation",butwrotethatBattleRoyalegives"evenharderchoicesforitsschool-uniformedcharacters."Heconcludedthat,"Somewillbeuncomfortableorappalled,andthemixofhumourandhorrorisuneasy,butthisisn'tafilmyou'llforgeteasily.And,seriously,whatwouldyoudo?"[62] TheGuardiancriticPeterBradshawgavethefilmfourstarsinSeptember2001,choosingitasthebestfilmoftheweek.HepraisedTakeshiKitano'sperformanceastheteacherandsomeofthescenesas"astunninglyproficientpieceofactionfilm-making,plungingusintoaworldofdeliriumandfear."Henotesthat,among"thehailofbulletsandthequeasygoutsofblood,troublingnarrativesofyearningandsadnessareplayedout.ItisasiftheviolenceofBattleRoyaleisnotasatireofsocietyatall,butsimplyametaphorfortheanguishofadolescentexistence."Heconcludedthat,whilesome"willfindtheexplicitviolenceofthismovierepulsive",it"isafilmputtogetherwithremarkableconfidenceandflair.Itssteelycandour,andweird,passionateurgencymakeitcompelling."[63]BryantFrazerofDeepFocusgaveitaB+ratingandcalledit"avicioustake-offonrealityTVthatturnsahigh-schoolmilieudominatedbycliquesandchildishrelationshipsintoawarzone."[64]BritishcriticJonathanRossstatedthat"ifyouwanttocatchawildlyoriginalandsuper-coolsliceofentertainmentbeforeitgetsremadeandruinedbytheAmericans,thenIsuggestyoutryhardnottomissit"andconcludedthat"it'sawildlyimaginativeexampleofjustwhatcanbeachievedinateenmovie."[65]In2009,filmmakerQuentinTarantinopraisedBattleRoyaleasthebestfilmhehadseeninthepasttwodecades,statingthat,"Ifthere'sanymoviethat'sbeenmadesinceI'vebeenmakingmoviesthatIwishIhadmade,it'sthatone."[13] Therehasbeenrenewedinterestinthefilmfollowingits2012Blu-rayreleaseintheUnitedStates.ChrisNashawatyofEntertainmentWeeklyratesthefilmas"A"grade,positingthatexaminationofthestudents'differentmotivesforsurvivalorsubversionoftheProgramisa"sickblast".[66]A.O.ScottofTheNewYorkTimesgavethefilmapositivereview,stating"[the]expertlychoreographedscenesofmayhemareatoncecomicalandappalling,and[Fukasaku's]youngcastembracesthemelodramaticextremityofthestorywithimpressiveconviction",addingthatBattleRoyale"isinmanywaysabettermovie[thanTheHungerGames]andinanycaseafascinatingcompanion,drawnfromaparallelculturaluniverse.Itisalotuglierandalso,perversely,alotmorefun."[67]EntertainmentcriticfortheCaryDarlingdescribesBattleRoyaleas"tense,tragicandtimely ...amodern-dayhorrorstoryimbuedwithanelectricsenseofdramaanddread."[68]AlexandraCavallooftheBostonPhoenixwrites,"BattleRoyaleisTheHungerGamesnotdilutedforyoungaudiences"whilegivingthefilmthreestarsoutoffour.[69]JeffreyM.AndersonofCombustibleCelluloidgavethefilm4outof4stars,callingita"gloriouslysickandtwistedstory"andclaimingthatitis"endlesslyentertaining,byturnsgoryandhilarious,disturbingandexciting."[70]IntheChicagoSun-Times,RogerEbert'sAustraliacorrespondentMichaelMirasolpraisedBattleRoyaleforits"thoughtfulcharacterisation"thatis"lavisheduponallthestudents"andconcludedthatitisan"intenselyviolentfableaimedatayoungaudience,butwithtruefeeling,intelligence,andrespect."[71]JakeMulliganofTheSuffolkVoicegaveitfiveoutoffivestars,statingthat"theinfluenceof"Royale"onworksasdisparateas"KillBill"and"TheHungerGames"cannotbemeasured"anddescribingBattleRoyaleas"Provocative,funny,violent,andaidedbyascriptthatsomehowgivesequalattentiontomostofthestudentswhilealsodisplayingthewell-thoughtoutminutiabehindthenarrative."[72][unreliablesource?] R.L.ShafferofIGNgavethefilmascoreof8outof10,taking"amomenttothankTheHungerGamesforremindingushowawesomeBattleRoyalereallyis"andconcludingthatBattleRoyaleis"amasterpieceofmayhem,violenceandunfetteredteenmelodrama."[73]J.HurtadoofTwitchFilmnotedthatmany"reviewsofBattleRoyalefocusontheviolence,whichisextremetobesure,andnotsomuchonthehumanityofthefilm."Hestatedthat"crankingupthatalreadyelevatedhormonallevelofemotionalhysteriabythrowingthesestudentsintoareallife-or-deathsituationisincrediblyeffective"andthat"thestoryofBattleRoyaleisthestoryofthoseteenageyearsandjusthowwrongweallwereabouttheextentofouremotionalturmoil."[74]DVDTalkgavetheoriginaltheatricalcutofthefilm4.5outof5starsand4outof5fortheDirector'sCut,concludingthatitgives"aglimpseintowhatmightverywellhappenshouldtherulesofsociety,suchastheyare,everdocrumbletothepointwhereit'severyoneforthemselves.There'senoughblackhumorhereandenoughtenseactionthatthefilmneverquitefeelsbleakordepressing(thoughitdoescomeclose)–butmostimportantlyitmakesyouthink."[75]DevonAshbyofCraveOnlinegavethefilmascoreof8.5outof10,referringtoitas"JapaneselegendKinjiFukasaku'sadolescentshootingspreeopus"and"acompassionateandtechnicallyaccomplishedmasterpiece."[76]BrentMcKnightofPopMattersgavethefilmascoreof9outof10,describingitas"savage,sharp,satirical,andbrutallyfunny"and"ableakcommentaryonhumanityandsociety."[77] FilmcriticsRobertDavisandRiccardodelosRiospraisethefilm'snarrativestructure.TheycommentthatinadaptingastorysuchasBattleRoyalewhichrequiresasuspensionofdisbelieftogoalongwithits"far-fetched"storyFukasakuinsteadturnsconventionalrulesofscreenwritingonitshead.Insteadoffocusingonthedetailofthepremiseofanearfuturewhereschoolkidskilloneanother"thefilmmakersdispensewithpremiseinashortseriesoftitlecards".[78]AsthelastfilmtobefullydirectedbyFukasaku,theDirectoryofWorldCinemareferstoBattleRoyaleas"perhapsthefinestcinematicswansongeverconceived."[79] Socialandpoliticalinterpretations[edit] AninterpretationofthefilmisthatitrepresentsJapanesegenerationalattitudesthatarecreatingsocial,politicalandeconomicdividesbetweentheyoungandold.[80]Fukasakuhimselfhasstated:"Thechildrenwhohavegrownupandwitnessedwhathappenedtotheadults,theiranxietybecameheightenedaswell.SoIsetBattleRoyalewithinthiscontextofchildrenversusadults."[20] Accolades[edit] Atthe2001JapaneseAcademyAwards,BattleRoyalewasnominatedfornineawards,includingPictureoftheYear,andwonthreeofthem.[81]Thefilmwasnominatedfortwoawardsfrominternationalfilmfestivalsbutfailedtowin.[82][83] Awards Award Category Recipient(s) Outcome JapaneseAcademyAwards PictureoftheYear BattleRoyale Nominated DirectoroftheYear KinjiFukasaku Nominated ScreenplayoftheYear KentaFukasaku Nominated ActoroftheYear TatsuyaFujiwara Nominated OutstandingAchievementinMusic MasamichiAmano Nominated OutstandingAchievementinSoundRecording KunioAndo Nominated OutstandingAchievementinFilmEditing HirohideAbe Won PopularityAward BattleRoyale Won NewcomeroftheYear TatsuyaFujiwaraandAkiMaeda Won BlueRibbonAwards BestFilm KinjiFukasaku Won BestNewActor TatsuyaFujiwara Won YokohamaFilmFestival BestSupportingActress KouShibasaki Won SanSebastiánHorror&FantasyFilmFestival AudienceAwardfortheBestFeatureFilm KinjiFukasaku Won SitgesFilmFestival BestFilm KinjiFukasaku Nominated Legacy[edit] In2009,QuentinTarantinolistedBattleRoyaleashisfavoritefilmreleasedsincehebegandirectingin1992.[84]Thatsameyear,Moviefoneincludeditinthetopthreeofits"50BestMoviesoftheDecade"list.[85]JonConditofDreadCentralcalledit"oneofthebestmovies[he's]everseen."[86]BloodyDisgustingrankedthefilmfifteenthinitslistofthe"Top-20HorrorFilmoftheDecade",withthearticlecallingthefilm"ago-for-brokeextravaganza:fun,provocative,ultra-violent,andboundtoarousecontroversy(whichitdid) ...thefilm[is]morethanjustanemptyprovocation–itbuildscharacterthroughaction,amethodallgoodfilmmakersshouldseektoemulate."[87]In2010,EmpirerankedBattleRoyale#235and#82ontheirlistsof"The500GreatestMoviesofAllTime"and"The100BestFilmsofWorldCinema"respectively.[88][89]TimemagazineincludedthefilminitslistofTop10RidiculouslyViolentMovies.[90]In2012,TheIndependentincludeditinits"10bestsportsmoviesevermade"list.[91]Complexmagazinerankedit#47initslistofThe50BestActionMoviesofAllTime.[4] Sequel[edit] Mainarticle:BattleRoyaleII:Requiem KinjiFukasaku,whodirectedthefirstfilm,beganworkonasequel,entitledRequiem,butdiedofprostatecanceronJanuary12,2003,aftershootingonlyonescenewithTakeshiKitano.HissonKentaFukasakudirectedtherestofthefilm,whichwasreleasedonMay18,2003. Unlikethefirstfilm,thesequelisnotadaptedfromanovel,butwasbasedonanoriginalscreenplaywrittenbyKentaFukasaku.TheplotrevolvesaroundthesurvivorShuyaNanaharaleadingaterroristrebellion,butwascontroversialforitsprovocativeanti-Americansentimentsandcriticisedforbeinginferiortotheoriginal.[92] Remakeplans[edit] InJune2006,VarietyreportedthatNewLineCinema,withproducersNeilMoritzandRoyLee,intendedtoproduceanewadaptationofBattleRoyale.[93]SeveralWebsitesechoedthenews,includingAin'tItCoolNews,whichclaimedtheremakewouldbe"anextremelyHardR–serious-mindedAmericanisationofBattleRoyale."[94]NewLinetentativelysetareleasedateof2008. Thenextmonth,TheNewYorkTimesreportedonanInternetbacklashagainsttheremake.Throughthearticle,Leeassuredfansofhisrespectfortheoriginalwork,claiming,"ThisistheoneI'mgoingtobethemostcarefulwith."Hestatedthat,despiteearlierconcerns,thefilmwouldnotbetoneddowntoPGorPG-13,thecharacterswouldremainyoungteenagers,andthatitwoulddrawelementsequallyfromthenovel,theoriginalfilm,andthemanga.Thereporternoted"thehubbub ...wasatleastslightlypremature[as]NewLinehasn'tyetpurchasedtheremakerights."[95] FollowingtheVirginiaTechmassacreinApril2007,Leeclaimedthatprospectsfortheremakehadbeen"seriouslyshaken".Whileheremainedwillingtoproceed,hestated,"wemightbealittlemoresensitivetosomeoftheissues."ThereportingarticlenotedthatNewLinestillhadnotsecuredremakerights–itsspokeswomanclaimed"nonews"whenaskedaboutprogressonanydeal.[96] Maclean'spointedoutthatthe2008novelTheHungerGames,anditssubsequent2012filmadaptation,havesimilarthemes.[97]AlthoughHungerGamesauthorSuzanneCollinsmaintainsthatshe"hadneverheardofthatbookuntil[her]bookwasturnedin",TheNewYorkTimesreportsthat"theparallelsarestrikingenoughthatCollins'sworkhasbeensavagedontheblogosphereasabaldfacedripoff"andthat"thereareenoughpossiblesourcesfortheplotlinethatthetwoauthorsmightwellhavehitonthesamebasicsetupindependently."[98]The2012filmadaptationhasalsofacedsimilarcriticismsforsimilaritiestoBattleRoyale.[99][100] InMarch2012,RoyLeereportedthataremakeofBattleRoyalewouldnolongerbepossibleduetothereleaseofTheHungerGames,stating,"AudienceswouldseeitasjustacopyofGames–mostofthemwouldn'tknowthat'BattleRoyale'camefirst.It'sunfair,butthat'sreality."However,hestatedthathemightreturntothefilmintenyearsto"developa"BattleRoyalemovieforthenextgeneration."[100] AmericanTVseries[edit] Duringthesummerof2012,TheCWhadbeenindiscussionwiththeHollywoodrepresentativesaboutthepossibilityofturningBattleRoyaleintoanAmericantelevisionshow.Accordingtoaspokesperson,thetalkswereonlypreliminary,butifadealcouldbereached,thenetworkwouldacquirerightstoKoushunTakami'sunderlyingnovel,thenunpackandexpandonitforanhour-longdramaticseries.JoyceJun,aHollywoodattorneyrepresentingU.S.rightstothetitle,statedthat"thereisnodealinplace".ACWspokesmanconfirmedonlytherehadbeensomediscussion,butdeclinedtocommentfurther.[101] Culturalimpact[edit] Seealso:Battleroyalegenre Thefilm,especiallywithitsDVDreleases,drewalargeglobalcultfollowingandbecameaculturalphenomenon.[102]QuentinTarantinoconsidersBattleRoyaletobeoneofthemostinfluentialfilmsinrecentdecades.[103]Thefilmhasbeenhighlyinfluentialinglobalpopularculture,inspiringnumerousworksoffictioninanumberofdifferentmediaacrosstheworld.Sincethefilm'srelease,theterm"battleroyale"hasbeenredefinedtorefertoafictionalnarrativegenreand/ormodeofentertainmentinspiredbythefilm,whereaselectgroupofpeopleareinstructedtokilleachoffuntilthereisatriumphantsurvivor.The"battleroyale"phenomenonhasbecomeespeciallypopularinthe2010s.[104] Filmandtelevision[edit] Sinceitsrelease,thefilmhashadaninfluenceonfilmmakerssuchasQuentinTarantino,[105]mostnotablyhisKillBillfilms;[72]thecharacterGogoYubari,playedbyChiakiKuriyama,resemblesthecharactersheplaysinBattleRoyale,TakakoChigusa.[106]BattleRoyalehasalsobeenreferencedinthe2004zombiecomedyfilmShaunoftheDead,whereEdgarWrightandSimonPeggmadesureabigBattleRoyaleposterisprominentlydisplayedinShaun'slivingroom.[107]DespitenotbeingofficiallyreleasedintheUnitedStatesforalongtime,BattleRoyalehasoftenbeenreferencedinAmericanpopculture,rangingfromTarantino'sfilmstotherockbandTheFlamingLips'useoffootagefromthefilmasabackdropforitsYoshimiBattlesthePinkRobotstour,[108]alongwithreferencesinHollywoodfilmssuchasJasonReitman'sThankYouforSmoking(2005)andJuno(2007)andAmericantelevisionshowssuchasLostandCommunity.[107]InWrongTurn2:DeadEnd,oneofthecharacters(MatthewCurrieHolmesasMichael"M"Epstein)wearsaBattleRoyaleShirt. MaggieLeeofReutersdescribesBattleRoyaleasthe"filmthatpioneeredtheconceptoftheteendeathgame",citingitsinfluenceonfilmssuchasKaiji(2009)andHideoNakata'sTheInciteMill(2010),bothofwhichstarredTatsuyaFujiwara(whoplayedBattleRoyale'sprotagonistShuyaNanahara)intheleadingroles.[109]V.A.MusettooftheNewYorkPostcomparedittoTheCondemned(2007),whichthecriticcalled"abadrip-off"ofBattleRoyaleaswellasTheMostDangerousGame.[110] CriticshavealsonotedtheinfluenceofBattleRoyaleonotherfilms,suchasthe2008filmKillTheory,[111]the2009filmTheTournament,[112]andTheHungerGamestrilogy.[99][100]BattleRoyalehasalsodrawncomparisonstofilmssuchasGamer(2009),[113]Kick-Ass(2010),[114]andTheBelkoExperiment(2016).[115]Otherexamplesof"battleroyale"filmsincludeThePurgeseries(2013),AssassinationNation(2018),ReadyorNot(2019),andTheHunt(2020).[104]TheSouthKoreanNetflixoriginalseriesSquidGame(2021)wasalsoinfluencedbyBattleRoyale.[116] Comics,mangaandanime[edit] InJapan,thefilmestablishedthebattleroyalegenreofmangaandanime,revolvingaroundasimilarnarrativepremise.AlongwiththeBattleRoyalemanga(2000debut),otherexamplesofthegenreincludeBasilisk(2003debut),Bokurano(2003debut),theFate/staynightfranchise(2004debut),FutureDiary(2006debut),DeadmanWonderland(2007debut),theDanganronpafranchise(2010debut),MagicalGirlRaisingProject(2012debut),andtheDeathParadeseries(2013debut).[117]BattleRoyalehasalsodrawncomparisonstotheGantzfranchiseofmanga(2000),anime(2004)andfilms(2011).[118]Btooom(2009debut)featuresavariationofthebattleroyaletheme.[119] ThefilmhasinfluencedthecreationoftheMarvelComicsseriesAvengersArena.[120]Theseries'logoalsomirrorsthatofthelogousedintheBattleRoyalemovie. Videogamesandvisualnovels[edit] Furtherinformation:Battleroyalegame Thegenreofbattleroyalevideogames,inwhichplayerscompetetobethelastonestandinginashrinkingbattlefield,wasinspiredbyandtookitsnamefromthefilm.[121][122]Thegenrebecamepopularinthelate2010s,andincludesgamessuchasPlayerUnknown'sBattlegrounds,FortniteBattleRoyale,ARMA3,H1Z1:KingoftheKill,KnivesOut,RulesofSurvival,GarenaFreeFire,ApexLegends,RealmRoyale,CallofDuty:BlackOps4's"Blackout"gamemode,andCallofDuty:Warzone. Thefilm'stitlealsoreferstothebattleroyalegenreofvisualnovels,revolvingaroundasimilarnarrativepremise.[123][124]ExamplesincludetheFate/staynightseries(2004debut),Diesirae(2007),andtheZeroEscapeseries(2009debut).[124]TheDanganronpaseries(2010debut)isalsonotablyinfluencedbythefilm,[125]withitsscenariowriterKazutakaKodakacitingthefilmasaninfluence.[126]BattleRoyalehasalsodrawncomparisonstoSquareEnix'sTheWorldEndswithYou(2007).[127] Seealso[edit] CinemaofJapan Listofcultfilms References[edit] ^abcdef"BattleRoyale(2000)".BritishFilmInstitute.RetrievedFebruary23,2018. ^abcdKoehler,Robert(January22,2001)."BattleRoyale".Variety.RetrievedMarch27,2012. ^"BattleRoyale".BritishBoardofFilmClassification.RetrievedMay10,2021. ^ab"The50BestActionMoviesOfAllTime:BattleRoyale".Complex.March27,2012.RetrievedMarch30,2012. ^"BattleRoyale(2000)-KinjiFukasaku".AllMovie. ^abcdGarger,Ilya(June30,2003)."RoyaleTerror".Time.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMarch5,2007.RetrievedFebruary23,2018. 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Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoBattleRoyale(film). 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NihonnoKuroiNatsu:Enzai(2001) BattleRoyale(2001) Hotal(2001) Out(2002) AmidadōDayori(2002) KT(2002) Hush!(2002) LikeAsura(2003) Zatoichi(2003) SpySorge(2003) Doppelganger(2003) NobodyKnows(2004) PrincessRaccoon(2005) HulaGirls(2006) AGentleBreezeintheVillage(2007) AllAroundUs(2008) Mt.Tsurugidake(2009) Haru'sJourney(2010) 2011–2020 Saudade(2011) TheKirishimaThing(2012) Pecoross'MotherandHerDays(2013) TheLightShinesOnlyThere(2014) JourneytotheShore(2015) InThisCorneroftheWorld(2016) Wilderness(2017) TheChrysanthemumandtheGuillotine(2018) TheJournalist(2019) Underdog(2020) 2021–present UndertheOpenSky(2021) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_Royale_(film)&oldid=1081356660" 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